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Arch Linux
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Arch Linux is an x86-64 general-purpose GNU/Linux distribution that strives to provide the latest stable versions of most software by following a rolling release model. The default installation is a minimal base system, configured by the user to only add what is purposely required. Arch Linux has Pacman as package manager, which is able to resolve dependencies, automatically download and install all necessary packages.
Unlike popular distributions based on the Linux kernel such as Ubuntu or Linux Mint, Arch Linux does not have automatic configuration tools, sharing the same philosophy of distributions such as Slackware. Installing and configuring this operating system requires more than a basic level of knowledge. However, the system can be easily maintained and administered. The creators and the community refer to the following three aspects as the "philosophy":
The design approach of the development team follows the KISS principle ("Keep It Simple Stupid") principle. According to the creators and the Community, the principle is focused on elegance, accuracy, minimalism and simplicity.
The Arch Linux logos are available for press and other use, subject to the restrictions of Arch Linux trademark policy, and was designed by Thayer Williams[1] in 2007 as part of a contest to replace the previous logo.[2]
The name Arch Linux was chosen because Vinet liked the word's meaning "arch-enemy", which means the primary, the main one. The word archi (from ancient Greek ἄρχω, arco, means to manage or to lead). |
Arch Linux Overview
Items | Information & References |
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Based on | Independent, influenced by CRUX and BSD. |
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Developer | Judd Vinet (initial) Aaron Griffin (back) Levente Polyák (current) & team |
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First release | 11/03/2002 |
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Origin | Canada / International |
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Update method | Rolling release |
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Architecture | Arch Linux supports several processor architectures: amd64 (x86-64) (official), i686 (unofficial), ARM (unofficial), PowerPC (unofficial) and RISC-V (unofficial). |
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Package format | Arch Linux and distributions based on it use the .pkg.tar.xz package format. |
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Package manager | • Pacman, ibalpm (back-end), and Arch build system. |
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License | • GPL with software and components LGPL, BSD, MIT among others. |
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Website | www.archlinux.org - wiki.archlinux.org |
Arch Linux-based distributions
Active Arch Linux based distributions
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ArchBang
ArchBang Linux is a lightweight rolling release LiveCD GNU/Linux distribution from Canada, based on Arch Linux, created by Mr Green, with the i3 as tiling window manager (previously using the Openbox as stacking window manager, and with systemd as init system to bootstrap userspace and manage user processes. ArchBang is especially suitable for high performance on old or low-end hardware with limited resources. ArchBang's aim is to provide a simple out-of-the-box Arch-based GNU/Linux distribution with a pre-configured i3 desktop suite, adhering to Arch principles. ArchBang has also been recommended as a fast installation method for people who have experience installing Arch Linux but want to avoid the more demanding default installation of Arch Linux when reinstalling it on another PC.
Inspired by CrunchBang Linux (which was derived from Debian), ArchBang was originally conceived and founded in a forum thread posted on the CrunchBang Forums by Willensky Aristide (a.k.a. Will X TrEmE). Aristide wanted a rolling release with the Openbox setup that Crunchbang came with. Arch Linux provided the light configurable rolling release system that was needed as a base for the Openbox desktop. With the encouragement and help of many in the CrunchBang community, and the addition of developer Pritam Dasgupta (a.k.a. sHyLoCk), the project began to take form. The goal was to make Arch Linux look like CrunchBang. As of April 16, 2012, the new project leader is Stan McLaren.
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Archcraft
Archcraft is a minimal GNU/Linux distribution from India, developed by Aditya Shakya (adi1090x), based on Arch Linux, for the x86-64 architecture, with a rolling release system on a quarterly basis. The distribution offers a graphical user interface that uses window managers instead of desktop environments6, as it has Openbox and bspwm as a tiled window manager . However there is also the possibility to have multiple preconfigured Wayland compositors (Sway, Wayfire, River, Hyprland and NEWM); and preconfigured desktop environments such as Xfce and LXDE. Archcraft installs using the Calamares or ABIF installers, and includes the YAY package manager to make it easy to get software from the Arch User Repository (AUR).
Archcraft has the following features 13:
On the Archcraft website there is a section called Premium with paid versions, which describe an Archcraft with enhancements:
Ways to convert your Ubuntu or Void Linux to Archcraft:
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- Archcraft Releases History
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Artix Linux
Artix Linux is a fork (or continuation as an autonomous project) of the Arch-OpenRC and Manjaro-OpenRC projects. Artix Linux offers a lightweight, rolling-release GNU/Linux distribution based on Arch Linux that uses inits such as OpenRC, runit, s6, or Dinit, as opposed to Arch Linux's init systemd. Alternative spins feature the runit and s6 init software. Several editions of Artix Linux are available, featuring either a plain command line or one of several desktop environments. Artix Linux has its own package repositories but, as a pacman-based distribution, can use packages from Arch Linux repositories or any other derivative distribution, even packages explicitly depending on systemd. The Arch User Repository (AUR) can also be used. Arch OpenRC began in 2012 and Manjaro OpenRC was subsequently developed alongside it. In 2017 these projects merged to create Artix Linux.
Artix initially offered two installation environments, a base command-line ISO image and the graphical Calamares installer based on LXQt desktop, with an i3 version following later. Those early versions featured the OpenRC init system. The latest installation media are available in a variety of desktop environments like LXDE, XFCE, MATE, Cinnamon and KDE Plasma 5. Additionally, two unofficial community editions featuring GTK and Qt desktops and a larger software base are offered, aiming at too-busy-to-customise or less experienced users. All current installation media come in OpenRC, runit, s6, and dinit versions.
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BlackArch Linux
BlackArch Linux is a rolling release GNU/Linux distribution for x86_64 and aa64 (ARM 64) architectures, based on Arch Linux designed for penetration testers and security researchers. The repository contains 2912 tools. The BlackArch tools can be installed individually or in groups (by category). BlackArch Linux is compatible with existing Arch installs. The toolset is distributed as an Arch Linux unofficial user repository so is possibbly install BlackArch on top of an existing Arch Linux installation. The first version (2012.08.16) was released on 08/16/2012.
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- BlackArch Linux Releases History
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Manjaro
Manjaro is a GNU/Linux distribution, based on Arch Linux, developed in Austria, France, and Germany, Manjaro provides all the benefits of the Arch operating system combined with a focus on user-friendliness and accessibility. Key features include intuitive installation process, automatic hardware detection, stable rolling release model, ability to install multiple kernels, special Bash scripts for managing graphics drivers and extensive desktop configurability. Manjaro is suitable for both newcomers as well as experienced GNU/Linux users.
For more experienced - and adventurous - users Manjaro also offers the configurability and versatility to be shaped and moulded in every respect to suit personal taste and preference. Manjaro Architect is both a CLI installer, available side by side with the graphics installer, and a CLI-based ISO giving the option to install any Manjaro flavour, and offers unflavoured DE installation, filesystem choices, and bootloader choice for those who want complete freedom to shape their system. Starting from the command line, you are completely free to chose your own greeters, desktops, hardware drivers, software applications, and so on! Manjaro shares many of the same features as Arch, including:
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- Manjaro Releases History
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Manjaro-based distributions
Active Manjaro-based distributions
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BigLinux
BigLinux (formerly Big Linux, before BIG Linux), is a brazilian GNU/Linux distribution, developed by Bruno Gonçalves (founded) and volunteers, originally based on Kurumin, KNOPPIX, Kanotix, and finally Kubuntu. As of 2017 the distribution was reborn based on Deepin. It then offered two desktop environments: Cinnamon and deepin. In 2021, the distribution changed base and desktop environment again, migrating to Manjaro with KDE Plasma as desktop environment by default. BigLinux it uses repositories from Manjaro and has its own. BigLinux aims to deliver the programs most used by the majority of users. The difficulty, so to speak, classic, to migrate to a GNU/Linux system, is the fact of discovering which program is the right one to perform a specific task. For this reason, this GNU/Linux distribution has adopted a different layout than the standard program description.
BigLinux has 6 interfaces in the Control Center:
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Mabox Linux
Mabox Linux is a fast, lightweight and functional GNU/Linux Desktop “relaxed” rolling-release, based on Manjaro stable branch with a customized Openbox Window Manager preconfigured to be ready to use, a LTS kernel by default. Mabox is inspired by CrunchBang Linux, and uses some BunsenLabs utilities adapted for Mabox. Mabox use jgmenu for main menu, side panels, exit dialog, screenshot/recording tool and many other small utilities/helpers.[15]
Mabox creatively integrates best-in-class components like:
Then Mabox use Jgmenu for main menu, side panels, exit dialog, screenshot/recording tool and many other small utilities/helpers.
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- Mabox Linux Releases History
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- Discontinued Manjaro-based distributions
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EndeavourOS
EndeavourOS is a GNU/linux distribution based on Arch Linux, uses a rolling release schedule, and began as a successor to Antergos. EndeavourOS features the graphical Calamares installer capable of installing the Xfce, KDE Plasma, GNOME, MATE, Cinnamon, Budgie, LXQt, LXDE desktop environments and the i3 window manager. Additionally, there were "community editions" providing the window managers QTile, BSPWM, Openbox and the EndeavourOS exclusive Worm, as well as the Sway Wayland compositor.
EndeavourOS began as a continuation of the Antergos Linux distribution, a distribution itself based on Arch Linux, a general-purpose Linux distribution. In May 2019, Antergos's developers abruptly announced that development on the project would cease; a moderator of Antergos's forums discussed the idea of maintaining the community on a new forum. The idea received support from within the community, and within a day other Antergos moderators joined the project. Development on EndeavourOS quickly began, with the team planning to create a distribution that would be close to Arch Linux with the convenience of a GUI installer, while leaving GUI Pacman wrappers such as Pamac from the out-of-box installation.
EndeavourOS uses the Calamares system installer. While EndeavourOS was originally planned to ship with Cnchi, the net-installer used by Antergos, technical difficulties resulted in the adoption of an offline installer based on Portergos, a Linux distribution also based on Antergos, as a stop-gap until the issues could be resolved later in development. After the official launch of the distribution, the EndeavourOS team began to develop a Calamares net-installer, which was expected to release in November 2019, but was delayed to December. The net-installer offers multiple desktop environments, window managers, driver and firmware packages, and kernels during the installation process. The net-installer also allows the user to perform an offline install with the default KDE Plasma (formerly Xfce) desktop themed with EndeavourOS branding. EndeavourOS features a graphical installer, unlike the distribution it is based on, Arch Linux, where installation is typically performed manually through the command-line tool pacstrap. As such, EndeavourOS is typically marketed as a beginner-friendly alternative to Arch Linux. As the distribution is based on Arch Linux, it provides most upstream features as-is. EndeavourOS provides access to the Arch User Repository (AUR), a collection of unofficial community-maintained source packages shipped by Arch Linux, by default through the yay package manager.
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ArcoLinux
ArcoLinux, (ex ArchMerge, fork of ArchLabs 5.0 R2-D2) is a GNU/Linux distribution based on Arch Linux, which was created by Erik Dubois, after the fork from ArchLabs[16].
ArcoLinux promises to gradually take users through the beautiful world of Arch Linux and teach them how to use the operating system with videotutorials while allowing them the freedom to change the distribution in any way they want. ArcoLinux's motto is "Learn, enjoy and have fun." The release model of ArcoLinux, a rolling release, refers to a software system in constant development. Its package manager is Pacman.
ArcoLinux has several branches for installation, and it has 4 editions:
To learn with ArcoLinux there are several phases:
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- Active ArcoLinux derivarives/spinoffs
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- Discontinued ArcoLinux derivarives/spinoffs
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Garuda Linux
Garuda Linux is a x86-64 general-purpose Linux distribution, based on Arch Linux operating system. It is available in a wide range of popular Linux desktop environments, including modified versions of the KDE Plasma 5 desktop environment. The term Garuda, originating from Hinduism and Buddhism, is defined as a divine eagle-like sun bird and the king of birds. Garuda, like Arch, features a rolling release update model using the Pacman as its package manager.
Garuda Linux was released on the 26/03/2020. Developed and maintained by developers around the world. It was founded by Shrinivas Vishnu Kumbhar, a university student from India and SGS from Germany.
Garuda Linux installation process is done with Calamares, a graphical installer. The rolling release model means that the user does not need to upgrade/reinstall the whole operating system to keep it up-to-date inline with the latest release. Garuda Linux uses systemd as its init software. Package management is handled by Pacman via command line, and front-end UI package manager tools such as the pre-installed Pamac. It can be configured as either a stable system (default) or bleeding edge in line with Arch. Garuda Linux includes colorized UI which comes in various options, with the option to further customize the user preferences.
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Parabola GNU/Linux-libre
Parabola GNU/Linux-libre is a free and open source GNU/Linux distribution based on Arch Linux and Arch Linux ARM for the x86-64, i686, and ARMv7 architectures. It is distinguished from other Arch-based distributions by offering only free software. It includes the GNU operating system components common to many GNU/Linux distributions and the Linux-libre kernel instead of the generic Linux kernel. Parabola is listed by the Free Software Foundation as a completely free operating system, true to their Free System Distribution Guidelines. Parabola uses a rolling release model like Arch, such that a regular system update is all that is needed to obtain the latest software. Development focuses on system simplicity, community involvement and use of the latest free software packages.
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Discontinued Arch Linux based distributions
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ArchLabs
ArchLabs is a discontinued lightweight rolling release GNU/Linux distribution based on a minimal Arch Linux operating system with the Openbox window manager.
The ArchLabs distribution contains a text-based installer, "AL-Installer" as its installation method, as well as baph, an AUR helper. The installer gives the user the ability to choose from 16 different assorted Desktop Environments and Window Managers as well as a selection of extra software, Linux Kernels, Display Managers and shells.
Initial releases used the Calamares installer. Early versions of ArchLabs started to become bloated with many unnecessary applications and programs. This sparked a change in direction. A slim down of the ISO size from over 2Gb in size down to approximately 580mb made download times a lot quicker. Mínimo was the first of this minimal release with a change from the traditional Openbox panel, Tint2 to Polybar. Also introduced in this release was the original welcome script, named "AL-Hello" which was a nod to the "brother" distribution BunsenLabs. Mínimo was also the final release to have a release name, following releases followed a numbering pattern of YYYY.MM. 2018.02 release brought a new and improved AL-Hello welcome script and many additions and refining to the ArchLabs experience. 2018.07 saw more improvements to the newly written AL-Installer. With the release of 2018.12 came the removal of the live environment and the post install script "AL-Hello". Options for choosing desktops and window managers as well as a selection of apps have been added to AL-Installer (ALI). Also introduced in this 2018.12 release was the in house AUR (Arch User Repository) Helper, baph (Basic AUR Package Helper). 2019.10.29 was ArchLabs third release for 2019 (after 2019.1.20 & 2019.10.28). Many changes were made including additional desktop environments and window managers added to the installer. Most notably, awesomewm and jwm. ArchLabs first release of 2022 brought with it a new custom Window Manager called dk. Also included is a custom panel and menu for the Sway Window Manager called nwg-shell. The ArchLabs installer now includes 16 assorted Desktop Environments and Window Managers, such as i3, dwm, bspwm, LXQt, jwm, XFCE, Awesome, Fluxbox, KDE Plasma, Deepin, Gnome, and Cinnamon. Most are installed as the developer intended with no customisation. Openbox, awesomewm, dk and Sway are the only customised environments supplied by the ArchLabs installer. Matthew Dobson announced that 2023.06.07 would be the final release. |
- ArchLabs Releases History
Version | Codename | Release date | |
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idea | Start | 1 January 2017 | |
Alpha | 24 February 2017 | ||
1.0 | 3 March 2017 | ||
3.0 | 6 March 2017 | ||
3.4 | 7 April 2017 | ||
4.0 | 29 April 2017 | ||
4.1 | Yoda | 4 June 2017 | |
5.0 | R2-D2 | 7 July 2017 | |
2017.09 | Mínimo | 17 September 2017 | |
2017.10 | 2017.10 | 24 October 2017 | |
2017.10 | LTS | 24 October 2017 | |
2017.12 | 2017.12 | 23 December 2017 | |
2018.02 | 2018.02 | 26 February 2018 | |
2018.03 | 2018.03 | 4 March 2018 | |
2018.05 | 2018.05 | 11 May 2018 | |
2018.07 | 2018.07 | 29 July 2018 | |
2018.12 | 2018.12 | 18 December 2018 | |
2019.01 | 2019.01 | 20 January 2019 | |
2019.10.28 | 2019.10.28 | 28 October 2019 | |
2019.10.29 | 2019.10.29 | 29 October 2019 | |
2020.05.04 | 2020.05.04 | 4 May 2020 | |
2020.11.04 | 2020.11.04 | 4 November 2020 | |
2021.05.02 | 2021.05.02 | 2 May 2021 | |
2022.01.18 | 2022.01.18 | 19 January 2022 | |
2022.02.12 | 2022.02.12 | 13 February 2022 | |
2023.01.20 | 2023.01.20 | 20 January 2023 | |
2023.02.05 | 2023.02.05 | 5 February 2023 | |
2023.06.07 | 2023.06.07 | 8 June 2023 |
Antergos
Antergos is a discontinued spanish-galician GNU/Linux distribution based on Arch Linux, developed by Alex Filgueira. By default, it includes the GNOME desktop environment, but it also offers options for Cinnamon, MATE, KDE Plasma 5, Deepin, and Xfce desktops. Originally released ON 07/05/2012 as Cinnarch. Development of Antergos was discontinued on 21/05/2019, due to the limited availability of time for the volunteer developers. It was succeeded by EndeavourOS, which was released on 15/07/2019.
Initially the project began as Cinnarch and the desktop environment used by this distribution was Cinnamon, a fork of GNOME Shell developed by the Linux Mint team.
In April 2013 the team adopted GNOME for future releases, beginning with GNOME version 3.6, due to the difficulty of keeping Cinnamon (which did not make it a priority to stay compatible with the latest GTK libraries) in the repositories of a rolling release like Arch Linux.
Other changes in the default configuration of the system included: Nautilus replacing the Nemo file Manager, GDM replacing MDM (Mint Display Manager) as desktop manager and Empathy replacing Pidgin as the messaging client. Starting with version 2014.05.26, Antergos partnered with the Numix project to bring Numix-Square icons and an exclusive Numix-Frost theme to the operating system. On 07/03/2015, an Antergos Minimal ISO was made available, providing only necessary components for the installer to function. On 21/05/2019, the developers announced the end of development for the project, citing lack of time to work on it. They explained, "Today, we are announcing the end of this project. As many of you probably noticed over the past several months, we no longer have enough free time to properly maintain Antergos. We came to this decision because we believe that continuing to neglect the project would be a huge disservice to the community. Taking this action now, while the project’s code still works, provides an opportunity for interested developers to take what they find useful and start their own projects." The developers indicated that existing users will cease getting Antergos updates, eventually the Antergos repositories will be removed via an update and users will be left essentially running Arch Linux. The forums and wiki page were to be maintained for a maximum of three further months. As of 27/05/2020, their website is offline.
Successors to the Antergos project include EndeavourOS.
The name Antergos derived from the Galician word for Ancestors, was chosen to "to link the past with the present". |
- Antergos Release History
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XeroLinux
XeroLinux was a GNU/Linux distribution based on Arch Linux, localised in Lebanon, built with ArcoLinux's ALCI scripts, with KDE Plasma as desktop by default. Some of its features were the Calamares installer, various tweaks and optimisations, integrated support for community-created AUR packages as well as Flatpak packages, and the availability of several internally developed desktop and bootloader themes. XeroLinux was released with support for the AUR repository and Flatpak. The developer of XeroLinux on 09/01/2024, announced that it will end its current existence as a distribution. Deadline for 15/02//2024, and that it was decided in the future to transform the entire distribution into a complete post-installation tool, to be called Xero Arch Post-Install Toolkit or XAPiT for short. [21]
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Notes
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References
- ↑ Arch Linux - News: Logo Contest Results (and Winner!)
- ↑ Arch Linux - News: Arch Linux Logo Competition
- ↑ Athena OS - github.com
- ↑ / RebornOS ARM / - RebornOS ARM Migration
- ↑ / RebornOS ARM / - Wiki RebornOS: ARM
- ↑ CachyOS - Website
- ↑ ChimeraOS - github.com
- ↑ Crlos Linux - Website
- ↑ Crystal Linux - Github.com
- ↑ Exodia OS - github.com
- ↑ HefftorLinux - Website
- ↑ SteamOS 3.0 - README.txt - repo.steampowered.com
- ↑ StreamOS 2.0 - steamcommunity.com
- ↑ / BigLinux / - Multi-KDE
- ↑ / Mabox Linux / - About
- ↑ / ArcoLinux / - ArchLabs R2-D2 evolves into ArchMerge
- ↑ / ArcoLinux / - Editions
- ↑ /Axyl OS/ - Website
- ↑ / Antergos / - Cinnarch GNOME 2013.04.11 – Last release under the Cinnarch name
- ↑ / Antergos / - Antergos 2013.05.12 – We’re back
- ↑ / XeroLinux / - Important Announcement !! Please Read !