 Home • About • Donate
|
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
Independents | |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
Ubuntu
 |
|
Ubuntu is a GNU/Linux distribution based on Debian and composed mostly of free and open source software. Ubuntu is officially released in multiple editions: Desktop, Server, Cloud, and Core. The operating system is developed by the British company Canonical, and a community of other developers, under a meritocratic governance model.
Ubuntu releases updated versions predictably every 6 months, and each release receives free support for 9 months (18 months prior to 13.04) with security fixes, high-impact bug fixes and conservative, substantially beneficial low-risk bug fixes. Current long-term support (LTS) releases are supported for 5 years, and are released every 2 years. Since the release of Ubuntu 6.06, every fourth release receives long-term support. Long-term support includes updates for new hardware, security patches and updates to the 'Ubuntu stack' (cloud computing infrastructure). The first LTS releases were supported for 3 years on the desktop and 5 years on the server
LTS releases get regular point releases with support for new hardware and integration of all the updates published in that series to date.
Ubuntu packages are based on Debian's unstable branch, which are synchronized every 6 months. Both distributions use Debian's deb package format and package management tools (e.g. APT and Ubuntu Software). Debian and Ubuntu packages are not necessarily binary compatible with each other, however, so packages may need to be rebuilt from source to be used in Ubuntu.
Ubuntu is named after the Nguni philosophy (Nguini is a cultural group native to and formed in South Africa) of ubuntu, "humanity to others" with a connotation of "I am what I am because of who we all are".
|
Ubuntu Overview
| Items | Information & References |
|---|---|
| Based on | Debian (unstable branch) |
| Developer | Canonical Ltd. |
| First release | Ubuntu 4.10 (Warty Warthog), released on 20/10/2004 |
| Origin | International |
| Architecture | Ubuntu supports several processor architectures: x86-64, arm64, armel, armhf, ppc64el, s390x, and RISC-V |
| Package format | Ubuntu and distributions based on it use the .deb package format, from Debian |
| Package manager | GNOME Software, dpkg (APT, Advanced Packing Tool), Snap – graphical front-end: Snap Store |
| Userland | GNU |
| Default user interface | GNOME desktop environment |
| License | Free software + some proprietary device drivers |
| Website | www.ubuntu.com |
Ubuntu Releases History
| Version Code name |
Release date |
|---|---|
| 4.10 Warty Warthog |
20/10/2004 |
| 5.04 Hoary Hedgehog |
08/04/2005 |
| 5.10 Breezy Badger |
12/10/2005 |
| 6.06 LTS Dapper Drake |
01/06/2006 |
| 6.10 Edgy Eft |
26/10/2006 |
| 7.04 Feisty Fawn |
19/04/2007 |
| 7.10 Gutsy Gibbon |
18/10/2007 |
| 8.04 LTS Hardy Heron |
24/04/2008 |
| 8.10 Intrepid Ibex |
30/10/2008 |
| 9.04 Jaunty Jackalope |
23/04/2009 |
| 9.10 Karmic Koala |
29/10/2009 |
| 10.04 LTS Lucid Lynx |
29/04/2010 |
| 10.10 Maverick Meerkat |
10/10/2010 |
| 11.04 Natty Narwhal |
28/04/2011 |
| 11.10 Oneiric Ocelot |
13/10/2011 |
| 12.04 LTS Precise Pangolin |
26/04/2012 |
| 12.10 Quantal Quetzal |
18/10/2012 |
| 13.04 Raring Ringtail |
25/04/2013 |
| 13.10 Saucy Salamander |
17/10/2013 |
| 14.04 LTS Trusty Tahr |
17/04/2014 |
| 14.10 Utopic Unicorn |
23/10/2014 |
| 15.04 Vivid Vervet |
23/04/2015 |
| 15.10 Wily Werewolf |
22/10/2015 |
| 16.04 LTS Xenial Xerus |
21/04/2016 |
| 16.10 Yakkety Yak |
13/10/2016 |
| 17.04 Zesty Zapus |
13/04/2017 |
| 17.10 Artful Aardvark |
19/10/2017 |
| 18.04 LTS Bionic Beaver |
26/04/2018 |
| 18.10 Cosmic Cuttlefish |
18/10/2018 |
| 19.04 Disco Dingo |
18/04/2019 |
| 19.10 Eoan Ermine |
17/10/2019 |
| 20.04 LTS Focal Fossa |
23/04/2020 |
| 20.10 Groovy Gorilla |
22/10/2020 |
| 21.04 Hirsute Hippo |
22/04/2021 |
| 21.10 Impish Indri |
14/10/2021 |
| 22.04 LTS Jammy Jellyfish |
21/04/2022 |
| 22.10 Kinetic Kudu |
20/10/2022 |
| 23.04 Lunar Lobster |
20/04/2023 |
| 23.10 Mantic Minotaur |
12/10/2023 |
| 24.04 LTS Noble Numbat |
25/04/2024 |
| 24.10 Oracular Oriole |
10/10/2024 |
Ubuntu-based distributions
Active Ubuntu based distributions
- Ubuntu has several officially recognized derivative distributions, which mainly have other desktop environments, and are known as flavors.
- Ubuntu also has some derivative projects (Ubuntu-based), which have specific independent goals, but mainly share the software coming from Ubuntu.
|
Bodhi Linux
|
Bodhi Linux, a lightweight GNU/Linux distribution based on Ubuntu LTS and uses an Enlightenment DR17-based fork called Moksha Desktop as its desktop environment. The philosophy for the distribution is to provide a minimal base system so that users can install the software they want. In turn, the distribution only includes software that is essential to most users, such as a file manager (Thunar), a terminal emulator (Terminology), and a web browser. To install additional software, Bodhi Linux developers maintain a browser-based app store that uses apturl to install programs.
The word bodhi is derived from the Sanskrit word बोधि for enlightenment.
|
- Bodhi Linux Releases History
|
|
CAINE Linux
|
CAINE Linux (Computer Aided INvestigative Environment), is an italian LiveCD GNU/Linux distribution based on Ubuntu, created as a Digital Forensics project, developed by Nanni Bassetti, that offers a complete forensic environment that is organized to integrate existing software tools as software modules and to provide a friendly graphical interface. CAINE Linux use MATE as desktop environment. The main design objectives that CAINE aims to guarantee are the following:
Since version 5.0 supports x86-64 architecture.
|
- CAINE Linux Releases History
|
Edubuntu
|
Edubuntu, previously known as Ubuntu Education Edition, is GNU/Linux distribution and an official derivative of the Ubuntu from 5.10 version, released on 13/10/2005, designed for use in classrooms inside schools, homes and communities. Edubuntu is developed in collaboration with teachers and technologists in several countries. Edubuntu is built on top of the Ubuntu base, incorporates the LTSP (Linux Terminal Server Project) thin client architecture and several education-specific applications, and is aimed at users aged 6 to 18. It was designed for easy installation and ongoing system maintenance.
Included with Edubuntu is the Linux Terminal Server Project and many applications relevant to education including GCompris, KDE Education Suite, Sabayon Profile Manager, Pessulus Lockdown Editor, Edubuntu Menueditor, LibreOffice, Gnome Nanny and iTALC. Edubuntu CDs were previously available free of charge through their Shipit service; since version 8.10 (2008) it is only available as a download in a DVD format. In 23.04, Edubuntu's default GUI is GNOME. From 12.04 to 14.04, Edubuntu's default GUI was Unity; however GNOME, which had previously been the default, was also available. Since release 7.10, KDE is also available as Edubuntu KDE. In 2010, Edubuntu and the Qimo 4 Kids project were working on providing Qimo within Edubuntu, but this was not done as it would not have fit on a CD.
The primary goal of Edubuntu was to enable an educator with limited technical knowledge and skills to set up a computer lab or an online learning environment in an hour or less and then effectively administer that environment. The principal design goals of Edubuntu were centralized management of configuration, users and processes, together with facilities for working collaboratively in a classroom setting. Equally important was the gathering together of the best available free software and digital materials for education. According to a statement of goals on the official Edubuntu website: "Our aim is to put together a system that contains all the best free software available in education and make it easy to install and maintain." It also aimed to allow low-income environments to maximize utilisation of their available (older) equipment.
|
- Edubuntu Releases History
|
The first Edubuntu release coincided with the release of Ubuntu 5.10, which was codenamed Breezy Badger on 13/10/2005. With the 8.04 Hardy Heron release of Edubuntu it was given the name of 0Ubuntu Education Edition and was changed to be an add-on to a standard Ubuntu installation instead of being an installable Live CD. From version 9.10 onwards, Edubuntu changed to be available as a full system DVD instead of an Add-on CD. Edubuntu is also installable via a selection of "edubuntu" packages for all distributions using the official Ubuntu repositories (Ubuntu and Kubuntu mainly). Since 14.04, Edubuntu became LTS-only; Edubuntu announced that they would skip the 16.04 LTS update and that they planned on staying with 14.04 due to lack of contributors. It would then be discontinued for a number of years, but as of April 2023, the distro has returned as an official flavor.
|
Kubuntu
|
Kubuntu is a GNU/Linux distribution based on Ubuntu, and also is an official flavor, that uses the desktop environment KDE Plasma. Kubuntu shares the same repositories as Ubuntu. Kubuntu was sponsored by Canonical Ltd. until 2012, and then directly by Blue Systems. Now, employees of Blue Systems contribute upstream to KDE and Debian, and Kubuntu development is led by community contributors.
The first release, 5.04, was released on 08/04/2005. Each release has a schedule similar to the Ubuntu since 5.04 release.
Kubuntu is a registered trademark held by Canonical. It is derived from the name Ubuntu, prefixing a K to represent the KDE platform that Kubuntu is built upon (following a widespread naming convention of prefixing K to the name of any software released for use on KDE platforms), as well as the KDE community. Ubuntu is a Bantu term translating roughly to 'humanity'. Since Bantu grammar involves prefixes to form noun classes, and the prefix ku- has the meaning 'toward' in Bemba, kubuntu is therefore also a meaningful Bemba word or phrase translating to 'toward humanity'. Reportedly, the same word, by coincidence, also takes the meaning of 'free' (in the sense of 'without payment') in Kirundi.
Development started back in December 2004 at the Ubuntu Mataró Conference in Mataró, Spain when a Canonical employee Andreas Mueller, from Gnoppix, had the idea to make an Ubuntu KDE variant and got the approval from Mark Shuttleworth to start the first Ubuntu variant, called Kubuntu. On the same evening Chris Halls from the OpenOffice.org project and Jonathan Riddell from KDE started volunteering on the newborn project. Shortly after Ubuntu was started, Mark Shuttleworth stated in an interview that he recognized the need for the KDE-based distribution in order to maintain diversity in Linux distributions, which in his belief aligns with Ubuntu project's overall purpose of increasing the adoption of free software. On February 6, 2012, Canonical employee Jonathan Riddell announced the end of Canonical's Kubuntu sponsorship. On April 10, 2012, Blue Systems was announced on the Kubuntu website as the new sponsor. As a result, both developers employed by Canonical to work on Kubuntu–Jonathan Riddell and Aurélien Gâteau–transferred to Blue Systems. Since 2019, Kubuntu has partnered with MindShare Inc. to offer "Kubuntu Focus" laptops and mini-PCs optimized and supported specifically for the LTS releases
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
- Active Kubuntu-based distributions
|
- Discontinued Kubuntu-based distributions
|
CiberLinux
|
CiberLinux was an argentinian GNU/Linux distribution (customization) based on Kubuntu, and had KDE as desktop environment by default, modified with Windows XP style theme and the freeware cbm as a workstation control program. CiberLinux sharing a software package and files with the latter, created and oriented to be used in cybercafes, public administrations, companies, etc. With this, it is not possible to make another distribution, but rather to have “everything ready” so that once installed, it is completely “usable” by the user, and there is no need to install extra packages.” Ciberlinux is licensed under the GPLv2, both the self-recovery scripts and all the information that is required.
With CiberLinux, version 1.0, it had possible to create an automatic installation, with the mondo rescue program which is well documented on the application page, occupying two self-installation CDs. The version “Vistoso” 1.2 it occupied one DVD, which can be used in the form of Live_DVD or installable through the ubiquity application on IDE or SATA disks. The last version of CiberLinux is probably 1.5.
|
Xubuntu
|
Xubuntu is a community-developed GNU/Linux distribution based on Ubuntu community-maintained. Xubuntu seeks to provide "a light, stable and configurable desktop environment with conservative workflows" using Xfce components. Xubuntu is intended for both new and experienced GNU/Linux users. Rather than explicitly targeting low-powered machines, it attempts to provide "extra responsiveness and speed" on existing hardware.
The name Xubuntu is a portmanteau of Xfce and Ubuntu, as it uses the Xfce desktop environment, instead of Ubuntu's customized GNOME desktop.
Xubuntu was originally intended to be released at the same time as Ubuntu 5.10 Breezy Badger, 13/10/2005, but the work was not complete by that date. Instead the Xubuntu name was used for the xubuntu-desktop metapackage available through the Synaptic Package Manager which installed the Xfce desktop. The first official Xubuntu release, led by Jani Monoses, appeared on 01/06/2006, as part of the Ubuntu 6.06 Dapper Drake line, which also included Kubuntu and Edubuntu. Cody A.W. Somerville developed a comprehensive strategy for the Xubuntu project named the Xubuntu Strategy Document. This document was approved by the Ubuntu Community Council in 2008. In November 2009, Cody A.W. Somerville stepped down as the project leader and made a call for nominations to help find a successor. Lionel Le Folgoc was confirmed by the Xubuntu community as the new project leader on 10/01/2010 and requested the formation of an official Xubuntu council. In the beginning of 2016, the Xubuntu team began the process to transition the project to become council run rather than having a single project leader. On 01/01/2017, an official post on the Xubuntu site's blog announced the official formation of the Xubuntu Council. The purpose of the council is not just to make decisions about the future of the project, but to make sure the direction of the project adheres to guidelines established in the Strategy Document.
The first official stand-alone release of Xubuntu was version 6.06 long term support (LTS), which was made available on 01/06/2006. Each release has a schedule similar to the Ubuntu.
|
- Active Xubuntu-based distributions
APODIO
|
APODIO is a french LiveCD/USB GNU/Linux distribution multimedia, based on Xubuntu (previously was based on Mandriva until 4.3.9 version. APODIO containing audio, text-friendly, graphic and video tools. APODIO is available for 32 bit machines and has Xfce as desktop environment by default.
|
- APODIO Releases History
| Version | Release date | Based on |
|---|---|---|
| 3.0.9 | 20/11/2004 | Mandriva |
| 4.2.2 | 24/09/2005 | Mandriva |
| 4.3.0 | 31/03/2006 | Mandriva |
| 4.3.6 | 16/05/2006 | Mandriva |
| 4.3.9 | 27/07/2006 | Mandriva |
| 5.0.8 | 23/02/2009 | Ubuntu |
| 6.07-beta | 18/11/2009 | Xubuntu |
| 7.04-beta | 26/04/2010 | Xubuntu |
| 8-rc5 | 01/01/2011 | Xubuntu |
| 9 | 15/03/2013 | Xubuntu |
| 10.03 | 06/05/2015 | Xubuntu |
| 11-beta0.2 | 21/01/2017 | Xubuntu |
| 12-beta0.4.1 | 30/12/2019 | Xubuntu |
| 13-1.2.7 | 08/10/2020 | Xubuntu |
- Discontinued Xubuntu-based distributions
|
Element OS
|
Element OS was a LiveCD GNU/Linux distribution based on Xubuntu, and maintained compatibility with the Ubuntu repositories, for home theatre or media-centre PCs (HTPC) featuring a ten-foot user interface and designed to be connected to a HDTV for a digital media and Internet experience within the comforts of a living room or entertainment area. Element came pre-loaded with dozens of applications that will allow listening to, viewing, and managing music, videos, photos, and Internet media.
Element OS it used the Advanced Packaging Tool (APT) with Element's own custom repositories and the Ubuntu repositories. In addition to the package manager, Element OS incorporated the Allmyapps software center to allow additional applications to be downloaded. Element employed a customized Xfce interface with similar full-screen windowing effects seen on netbook and mobile interfaces such as the Ubuntu Netbook Remix.
Element OS came with some specialty applications for its role, including XBMC as a media center, the Cooliris Media Browser plugin for streaming content, VLC media player to play back video, Decibel Audio Player and the Transmission BitTorrent client. It also came with the Mozilla Firefox browser with zoom functionality through the "no squint" add-on to aid in web browsing at the higher resolutions that HTPCs often use.
|
- Element OS Releases History
Vitalinux
|
Vitalinux EDU (DGA) is the GNU/Linux distribution, based on Vitalinux, which is defined as a project to bring Free software to people and organizations making it as easy as possible to install, use and maintain. Vitalinux EDU (DGA) is based on Xubuntu 22.04 Jammy Jellyfish LTS, from version 3.0) (version 2.0 was based on Lubuntu Lubuntu 18.04 Bionic Beaver LTS), customized for Education, "tuned" by the requirements and needs of the users of the educational centers and adapted in a personalized way to each center and to which a Migasfree client application has been added. Migasfree allows:
Vitalinux EDU (DGA) it was chosen by the Government of Aragon, Spain, for educational centers. Migasfree (Software and Equipment Manager developed by A. Gacías and J.A Chavarría from Zaragoza), thus customizing it for each educational center.
|
Lubuntu
|
Lubuntu is a lightweight GNU/Linux distribution based on Ubuntu, and a official flavor that uses the LXQt desktop environment in place of GNOME. Lubuntu was originally touted as being "lighter, less resource hungry and more energy-efficient", but now aims to be "a functional yet modular distribution focused on getting out of the way and letting users use their computer". Lubuntu originally used the LXDE desktop, but moved to the LXQt desktop with the release of Lubuntu 18.10 in October 2018, due to the slow development of LXDE, losing support for GTK 2 as well as the more active and stable LXQt development without GNOME dependencies.
The name Lubuntu is a portmanteau of LXQt and Ubuntu. The LXQt name derives from the merger of the LXDE and Razor-qt projects, while the word Ubuntu means "humanity towards others" in the Zulu and Xhosa languages.
|
- Lubuntu Releases History
|
- Active Lubuntu based distributions
|
- Discontinued Lubuntu based distributions
|
Ubuntu Budgie
|
Ubuntu Budgie (previously budgie-remix) is a GNU/Linux distribution based on Ubuntu, being an official community flavor of Ubuntu. It combines the Ubuntu-based system with the independently developed Budgie desktop environment, originally developed by the Solus project. Written from scratch and integrating tightly with the GNOME stack, Budgie focuses on simplicity and elegance, while also offering useful features, such as the Raven notification and customisation centre. Ubuntu Bugdie supports ARM64 (aarch64) and Intel/AMD 64 (x86_64) architectures. Ubuntu Budgie started aligned with the release of Ubuntu 16.04 LTS, Xenial Xerus, released on 25/04/2016. It was recognized by Ubuntu, as an official project, for version 17.04, Zesty Zapus, released on 11/04/2017.
Ubuntu Budgie started out as an unofficial community flavor in parallel with Ubuntu 16.04 LTS, referred to as "budgie-remix". budgie-remix 16.10 was later released by strictly following the time frame issued for Ubuntu 16.10. It was eventually recognized as an official community flavor of Ubuntu, and was rebranded as Ubuntu Budgie. In November 2017, Vincenzo Bovino was hired as the new brand and PR Manager. 32-bit support was deprecated from Ubuntu Budgie and Ubuntu MATE with the 18.10 release. |
- Ubuntu Budgie Releases History
|
Ubuntu Cinnamon
|
Ubuntu Cinnamon, is a community-driven flavor, GNU/Linux distribution based on Ubuntu, and is an official flavor or Ubuntu, that combine Linux Mint’s flagship Cinnamon desktop environment with Ubuntu, keeping stability, speed, and elegance. The project strives to offer modern tools while providing a user-friendly desktop which will feel familiar for users coming from other operating systems, such as Microsoft Windows. Cinnamon takes the more traditional approach of a GNOME 2 and MATE-like desktop. Similar to Windows 7, it is easy to transition from your Windows system to Ubuntu Cinnamon Remix, and even if you still prefer to keep Windows on the side, you can always dual-boot Windows and Ubuntu Cinnamon. The first release was 19.10 'Eoan Ermine' on December 4, 2019, and is the first official distribution to use Ubuntu with the Cinnamon desktop. Ubuntu Cinnamon Remix is also used synonymously to reference the project.
The Cinnamon environment was developed by the Linux Mint team in 2011 and was first used as the default desktop environment in Linux Mint 13. Ideas to combine Ubuntu and Cinnamon were not new, and had been floated around several times before the project. However, the idea was never developed significantly. In 2019, user ItzSwirlz posted on Ubuntu Discourse requesting info on a Cinnamon Ubuntu Flavor. He stepped up to build the project, and the first release was released later that year on SourceForge.
As early as 2020, Peisach expressed interest in attaining flavor status for Ubuntu Cinnamon Remix. In 2022, Peisach emailed the Ubuntu Technical Board requesting official flavor status. In the Ubuntu Technical Board meeting over IRC on March 28, 2023, Ubuntu Cinnamon was officially deemed a flavor by Ubuntu.
|
- Ubuntu Cinnamon Releases History
|
Ubuntu Unity
|
Ubuntu Unity is a GNU/Linux distribution based on Ubuntu, and an official flavor of Ubuntu, that uses the Unity7 desktop environment in place of Ubuntu's GNOME Shell (the default desktop environment used by Ubuntu from 2010-2017). The first release was 20.04 LTS on 07/05/2020.
The Unity interface was originally developed by Canonical and first included as the default interface in Ubuntu 11.04, which was released in April 2011. Unity was developed as an alternative to the GNOME Shell, which replaced the GNOME 2 interface. At that time, Canonical had planned to converge the desktop, cellphone and tablet interfaces into Unity 8, a project that was abandoned in 2017 when Ubuntu moved to the GNOME 3 desktop instead, ending Unity development at version 7, version 8 being incomplete. Ubuntu 17.10 introduced the GNOME 3 desktop in October 2017, but it was not universally accepted by Ubuntu users or developers. A number of forks were proposed, with UBports taking over Unity 8 development for its value as a cellphone interface and renaming it Lomiri in February 2020. In 2019 Canonical gave its approval for the use of trademarks for a Unity 7 Ubuntu remix. Linux Foundation Certified Developer and Ubuntu team member Rudra B. Saraswat, who is based near Bangalore, India, started Ubuntu Unity. He polled users and used a stock Unity 7 interface with the Ubuntu backend and minimal changes otherwise. He included the Nemo file manager as an alternative to GNOME Files and employed the GNOME Display Manager to replace LightDM X display manager. Saraswat had previously created several other Linux distributions, including the server-focused Krob Linux. About his motivations for starting Ubuntu Unity, Saraswat stated, "I had used Ubuntu 17.04 back when I was 8 [years old] and I really loved Unity7, so when Unity7 was discontinued by Canonical, I wasn't happy and wanted to bring it back. I created this project to give Unity7 a new life". Saraswat was ten years old in 2020 when he first released Ubuntu Unity. He indicated at the time that his goal was to eventually have the distribution accepted as an official Ubuntu "flavour".
Prior to the initial release it had the working names of Unubuntu and Ubuntu Unity Remix.
|
- Ubuntu Unity Releases History
|
Ubuntu MATE
|
Ubuntu MATE is a GNU/Linux distribution and an official derivative (flavor) of Ubuntu. Its main differentiation from Ubuntu is that it uses the MATE desktop environment as its default user interface (based on GNOME 2), instead of the GNOME 3 desktop environment that is the default user interface for Ubuntu.
The Ubuntu MATE project was founded by Martin Wimpress and Alan Pope and began as an unofficial derivative of Ubuntu, using an Ubuntu 14.10 base for its first release; a 14.04 LTS release followed shortly. As of February 2015, Ubuntu MATE gained the official Ubuntu flavor status from Canonical as per the release of 15.04 Beta 1. In addition to IA-32 and x86-64 which were the initial supported platforms, Ubuntu MATE also supports PowerPC and ARMv7 (on the Raspberry Pi 2 and 3 as well as the ODROID XU4). In April 2015, Ubuntu MATE announced a partnership with British computer reseller Entroware, enabling Entroware customers to purchase laptop and desktop computers with Ubuntu MATE preinstalled with full support. Several other hardware deals were announced later. In Ubuntu MATE 18.10, 32-bit support was dropped.
|
- Ubuntu MATE Release History
|
Ubuntu Kylin
|
Ubuntu Kylin (formerly UbuntuKylin), is GNU/Linux distribution bases on Ubuntu, being an official chinese flavor of Ubuntu whose primary goal is to create a variant of Ubuntu optimised for chinese users (using the Simplified Chinese writing system), although it also supports other languages. The default desktop is called UKUI (Universal Kylin User Interface) which is based on MATE desktop and is developed with the Qt toolkit. UKUI strives to adhere to the friendly-and-simple design concept. The distribution also includes more than 20 applications developed in-house, including Kylin Assistant, Kylin Video, Kylin Screenshots and Software Center. Features include Chinese input methods, Chinese calendars, a weather indicator, and online music search from the Dash. WPS Office, also closed-source, is the default office suite in the pro and enhanced editions. LibreOffice however is used mainly as default in the official vanilla Ubuntu Kylin image from the main Ubuntu server website without WPS Office installed.
In 2013, Canonical Ltd. reached an agreement with the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology to co-create and release an Ubuntu-based [[operating system[[ with features targeted at the Chinese market. Only in the first 13.04 version, Upstart, like Init Software, was used. Since the second version 13.10, systemd, like Init Software, is used. Version 14.10 introduced the Ubuntu Kylin Software Center (UKSC), and a utility which helps end-users for daily computing tasks called Youker Assistant. From version 13.04, until version 16.10 the default desktop was Unity. Since version 17.04, the default desktop is UKUI (MATE). Version 20.04 introduced version 3.0 of its own, newly developed UKUI (Ubuntu Kylin User Interface). Formerly, UKUI was a customization of the MATE desktop.
|
- Ubuntu Kylin Releases History
|
Ubuntu Studio
|
Ubuntu Studio is a flavor Ubuntu which is geared to general multimedia production. The first version 7.04, based on Ubuntu 7.04, was released on 10/05/2007.
|
Armbian
|
Armbian is a GNU/Linux distribution designed initially for ARM architechture (aarch64 & armhf), but also for RISCV64 and AMD64, to create system images with configurations for various single-board computers (SBCs). Each system is compiled, assembled and optimized by Armbian Build Tools. It has powerful build and software development tools to make custom builds. Armbian's objective is to unify the experience across ARM single-board computers, while maintaining performance with hardware-specific optimizations. Armbian comes in two distinct versions: one Debian-based, the other is based on a lightweight Ubuntu version. Armbian supports a wide variety of popular ARM-based devices. Armbian includes a menu-driven configuration tool along with stock Debian utilities, the Bash shell, and a choice of Cinnamon or Xfce desktop environments.
|
- Armbian Releases History
|
BackBox Linux
|
BackBox Linux is an italian GNU/Linux distribution, based on a fully customized Ubuntu by BackBox Team, developed to perform penetration testing and security assessments, providing a network and systems analysis toolkit, for x86_64 architecture, using Xfce was desktop environment by default. It includes a complete and commonly known/used set of tools required for ethical hacking and security testing, aiming for a wide spread of goals, ranging from web application analysis to network analysis, stress tests, sniffing, vulnerability assessment, computer forensic analysis, automotive and exploitation. It is designed to be fast and easy to use. It provides a minimal yet complete desktop environment, thanks to its own software repositories, which are always updated to the latest stable versions of the most often used and best-known ethical hacking tools.
The main aim of BackBox is providing an alternative, highly customizable and well performing system. BackBox uses the light window manager Xfce. It delivers a fast, effective, customizable and complete experience. It also has a very helpful community behind it. It includes some of the most used security and analysis Linux tools, aiming for a wide spread of goals, ranging from web application analysis to network analysis, from stress tests to sniffing, also including vulnerability assessment, computer forensic analysis and exploitation. Part of the power of this distribution comes from its Launchpad repository core, constantly updated to the latest stable version of the most known and used ethical hacking tools. The integration and development of new tools in the distribution follows the open source community, particularly the Debian Free Software Guidelines criteria.
|
- BackBox Linux Releases History
|
ChromiumOS
|
ChromiumOS (formerly styled as Chromium OS), is the open source development version of Google Chrome OS and Chrome OS Flex. The source code of Google Chrome OS was released in November 2009 under a BSD License, being called Chromium OS.5 Chromium OS was built on the basis of a Linux kernel, in an Ubuntu 10.04 environment, using the official package manager of the Gentoo distribution, Portage. It is therefore a hybrid between Ubuntu and Gentoo, based on both GNU/Linux distributions. The default user interface is Chromium browser and Aura Shell (Ash). Google first published the ChromiumOS source code was in 11/12/2009.
|
- Active ChromiumOS based distributions
|
FydeOS
|
FydeOS, formerly Flint OS, is a chinese GNU/Linux distribution based on ChromiumOS, that to run on Intel-based computers, and the Raspberry Pi 4 family. Flint OS was acquired by Neverware. What was Flint OS became FydeOS, while Neverware spun off CloudReady.
|
- Discontinued ChromiumOS based distributions
|
FunOS
|
FunOS is a lightweight and minimal GNU/Linux distribution based on Ubuntu LTS, designed to provide a streamlined, efficient, and highly customizable computing experience. FunOS combines stability, performance, and security, making it an ideal choice for both personal and professional use.
|
- FunOS Releases History
|
GendBuntu
|
GendBuntu is a french GNU/Linux distribution based on Ubuntu adapted for use by France's National Gendarmerie. One of the main aims of the GendBuntu project was for the organisation to become independent from proprietary software distributors and editors, and achieve significant savings in software costs. The default user interface used is Unity. The Gendarmerie have pioneered the use of open source software on servers and personal computers since 2005 when it adopted the OpenOffice.org office suite, making the OpenDocument .odf format its nationwide standard. The Gendarmerie uses the Debian GNU/Linux distribution for most of its servers, PostgrSQL for its databases, and GendBuntu for the workstations.
|
Hubuntu
|
Hubuntu (Hardened Ubuntu), is a GNU/Linux distribution based on Ubuntu, developed by Hossein Seilani, from Iran, that is available in both lite and premium editions and is designed to prioritize hardening and security. It has been specifically configured to be more secure than a standard installation, with the goal of providing a secure environment for applications and data and preventing unauthorized access to the system. One of the key ways that Hubuntu ensures security is through its hardened features and built-in intelligent system defense. These features are designed to make it more difficult for malicious actors to penetrate the system and compromise sensitive data. It has been specifically configured to be more secure than a standard installation, with the goal of providing a secure environment for applications and data and preventing unauthorized access to the system. One of the key ways that HUbuntu ensures security is through its hardened features and built-in intelligent system defense. These features are designed to make it more difficult for malicious actors to penetrate the system and compromise sensitive data. This is particularly important in today’s world, where data is a valuable commodity and is often the target of cyber attacks. In addition to protecting sensitive data, HUbuntu is also important for preventing system downtime. HUbuntu can help prevent cyber attacks and ensure that systems remain up and running.
Secured by using 800+ security controls and comprehensive secure configuration and hardening against many attacks. The security-oriented operating system for user desktop and enterprise systems. It’s easy to assume that the desktop GNU/Linux is already secure. Do not fall into this hypothesis or expose yourself to a security breach. many of these vulnerabilities are not immediately detected by the system. Without this extra effort, Ubuntu can be vulnerable. This opens up many opportunities for attackers to get sensitive data, and the results can be devastating. A key concept in OS security is ensuring that your operating system is adequately secured, or “hardened”.
|
KDE neon
|
KDE neon is a LiveDVD GNU/Linux distribution based on Ubuntu LTS featuring the latest KDE Plasma desktop environment and other KDE community software, with no patches and no changes to default settings. There are User Edition, Testing, Unstable and Developer Editions. Besides the installable DVD image, the project provides a rapidly-evolving software repository with all the latest KDE software. KDE neon is rolling for KDE software.
KDE neon does continuous deployment of the latest KDE software which means there are nearly always new versions of our software to update to. It's recommend using Plasma Discover’s updater. On a command line you can use the pkcon command:
|
- KDE neon Releases History
|
Linux Lite
|
Linux Lite is a GNU/Linux distribution based on Ubuntu LTS created by a team of programmers led by Jerry Bezencon. Created in 2012, it uses a customized implementation of Xfce as its desktop environment, and runs on the main Linux kernel. The distribution aims to appeal to GNU/Linux beginners and Windows users, by trying to make the transition from Windows to Linux as smooth as possible. To achieve this, the distribution tries to conserve many of the visual and functional elements of Windows, to create an experience that can be perceived as familiar by Windows users. The aim of Linux Lite is to introduce, little by little, Windows users to GNU/Linux, so that this Operating System can be used both on older computers and on modern computers. Linux Lite is currently only available in 64-bit version since the 4.0 update (31/05/2018), after which its development team dropped support for 32-bit, thus closing support for some older computers.
With the arrival of the Unity Interface to Ubuntu, novice GNU/Linux users, at that time (2011), saw the possibilities of migrating to an Operating system other than Windows diminished due to the high requirements of the Ubuntu desktop environment (Unity). However, Windows XP users were closer to the end of technical support, scheduled for April 2014, which would stop receiving security updates and many computers would be unprotected. Although Linux Mint, also derived from Ubuntu, already enjoyed a very good reputation for being user-friendly, the first one (Linux Mint) was too robust for machines with scarce resources. It was then that the Linux Lite development team understood that they had to take advantage of this gap in order to capture this niche of users and propose to extend the life of their old machines with a new lease of life for a few more years, with a GNU/Linux distribution based on Ubuntu but versatile and Windows-like.
|
- Linux Lite Releases History
|
Linux Schools Project
|
Linux Schools Project (formerly Karoshi, which can be translated literally as "death from overwork" in Japanese) is a GNU/Linux distribution based on Ubuntu, developed by Paul Sharrad. Is a server operating system designed for schools, providing a simple graphical interface that allows for quick and easy installation, setup and maintenance of a network. Also available is a client version that intergrates completely with the server. The project maintains two custom distributions, with one designed for use on servers and the other for use with the server version on client machines. The server distribution is the official Karoshi, while the client is known as Karoshi Client. TLSP uses prepackaged GUI scripts in order to simplify the install and configuration process for inexperienced users.
TLSP was originally developed using Red Hat, early in the 2000s, with the aim of making GNU/Linux adoption easier for schools in the UK. GNU/Linux, at the time, was considered difficult to use in educational environments where computing expertise mainly came from teachers who were not dedicated IT staff. With version 5.1.x, TLSP moved to the PCLinuxOS platform - but has since adopted Ubuntu in its place.
TLSP is downloadable from their homepage. The installation steps require an initial install of Ubuntu, which the Live CD prompts to initiate. Following the machine reboot after installation of Ubuntu, the install of the TLSP system is initiated automatically.
|
- Linux Schools Project Releases History
Discontinued Ubuntu based distributions
|
ABC GNU/Linux
|
ABC GNU/Linux (ABC, Automated Beowulf Cluster, GNU/Linux), developed by Iker Castaños Chavarri, Department of Systems Engineering and Automation of the EUITI in Bilbao, University of the Basque Country, was a spanish GNU/Linux distribution, based on Ubuntu and is specialized in the automatic construction of high-performance Beowulf clusters just by booting the system in “live” mode on the frontend or by being installed on hard drive. The nodes boot diskless via PXE. Uses as Gnome window manager. Integrates the Ganglia resource monitor. It was the first distribution that integrates all these features.
|
Black Lab Linux
|
Black Lab Linux (previously PC/OS and OS4 OpenLinux) is a discontinued commercial GNU/Linux distribution based on Ubuntu LTS, for x86 and x86-64 hardware, and developed by Roberto J. Dohnert - PC/OpenSystems LCC., tailored both for general desktop use and for the more technical user. Black Lab Linux also was focused on ease of use and includes many tools that allow users to create and publish their own content.
Black Lab Linux was maintained by a core group of developers and hundreds of volunteers and contributors who help make the Black Lab Linux distribution the best community driven distribution.
Formerly known as OS/4, the product was renamed by Roberto J. Dohnert - PC/OpenSystems LCC. and the software team to Black Lab Linux after the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) denied his trademark application for OS/4. PC/OpenSystems LLC had acquired the rights to the name Black Lab Linux in 2008 after the acquisition of Terrasoft Solutions by Fixstars. Fixstars Linux's products, Yellow Dog Linux and Y-HPC, were developed under the Yellow Dog Linux brand. Black Lab Linux didn't share any code or platform similarities with Terrasoft Solutions's product called Black Lab Linux as Terrasoft Solutions's release was for the PowerPC Processor. Black Lab Linux was first released in November 2013 by PC/OpenSystems LLC. Upon the purchase of the Linspire intellectual properties from Bridgeways, Inc. in 2018, PC/OpenSystems LLC discontinued Black Lab Linux in favor of Linspire and Freespire.
Black Lab Enterprise Linux
Black Lab Enterprise Desktop
Black Lab Enterprise Server
|
- BlackLab Linux Releases History
|
EHUX
|
EHUX was the name of the project to support the Ubuntu and Kubuntu GNU/Linux distributions within the University of the Basque Country, that was contracted to HispaFuentes. Within the freedom to choose any GNU/Linux distribution, this one was technically supported with more dedication, thus joining efforts to offer a quality service when supporting GNU/Linux on campus. It was expected that all the students of the university would know GNU/Linux and its advantages so that they could choose this platform for the development of all the computing functions to be performed in any career as an alternative to those existing so far.
|
ESUN Linux
|
ESUN Linux (ex Admelix (LiveCD)), was a GNU/Linux LiveCD distribution based on Ubuntu, developed by the University School of Business at Universidad de Tarapacá, Chile. The project had the goal of deliver a new alternative to guide managers of small and medium-size businesses towards GNU/Linux and open source software to students, teachers and the community at large. The distribution included software for enterprise resource planning (ERP), customer relationship management (CRM), project management, accounting, electronic commerce, human resources, office and database. ESUN Linux contained pre-installed free software for enterprise management:
|
- ENUN Linux Releases History
|
Greenie Linux
|
Greenie Linux was a LiveDVD GNU/Linux distribution based on Ubuntu, using KDE Plasma desktop environment by default for x86-64 architecture, created by Stanislav Hoferek, originally from Slovakia and prepared for users in Slovakia and Czech Republic, with Slovak, Czech, English, Esperanto and Polish localizations. Greenie was created as an [[operating system]} intended for everyday use and focused on needs of books readers and authors (included a set of tools for reading, writing and modifying books and documents). |
- Greenie Linux Releases History
|
Older versions were available in several variants:
The first version of Greenie Linux was released on 05/10/2007 and was based on Ubuntu 7.04. |
|
JingOS
|
JingOS is a discontinued GNU/Linux distribution from China, developed by Jingling Tech, for tablet computers (JingPad A1), based on Ubuntu 20.04, with KDE Frameworks 5.75, and Plasma Mobile 5.20 as a desktop environment by default. It was the world's first GNU/Linux-based OS designed for Tablets. It can ran desktop GNU/Linux applications like VS Code and LibreOffice. JingOS is a ‘convergent’ GNU/Linux-based open source mobile OS for tablets and mobile devices. It can run GNU/Linux apps and Android apps. It is created to allow natural control by touch, pencil, keyboard, and trackpad. JingOS was not only a tablet OS, but also a desktop OS. Android apps native support was only available for ARM-based devices. JingOS had also optimized gestures for the trackpad.
|
- JingOS Releases History
|
KeeP-OS
|
KeeP-OS was a brazilian GNU/Linux distribution developed by ASUS. It was based on Ubuntu and is optimized for ASUS gaming notebooks, focused on the end user. KeepOS comes pre-installed on some ASUS notebook models, including the ASUS TUF Gaming F15.
|