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Debian

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Debian

Debian
Community 		  Debian
Operating System
Thousands of volunteers around the world work together on the Debian operating system, prioritizing Free and Open Source Software (FOSS).   Debian is a free operating system, developed and maintained by the Debian project. A free GNU/Linux distribution with thousands of applications to meet our users's needs.

The Debian Project
Is an association of individuals who have made common cause to create a free operating system.[1] which was established by Ian Murdock on August 16, 1993.
Ports
Name
The name Debian is a portmanteau that blends the creator's first name, Ian, with that of his wife, Debra.
Logos
  • 1993 to 1998:
For the first five years of its existence, Debian had a colorful design with a bold name inscription. The name had clean, straight cuts, and a very light shadow behind it. Underneath, it said “GNU/Linux” in fine print with spaced lettering. Behind almost the whole inscription, there was a colorful rectangle the colors light and muted.
  • 1998 to 1999:
The outline of the bird and its wing seemed to be drawn using a red marker. The eye was just a small blue circle. The red inscription “Debian GNU/Linux” was placed underneath.
  • 1999 to present:
The Debian Open Use Logo(s) is Copyright (c) 1999 Software in the Public Interest, Inc., was created by Raul Silva in 1999 and is composed of a light modern emblem placed above an elegant logotype, and are released under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License, version 3 or any later version, or optionaly, of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License..

History of Debian

Founding and Concept
Debian was founded by Ian Murdock in August 1993 with the intention of creating a distribution openly in the spirit of Linux and GNU.
The project was sponsored by the FSF's GNU project for one year from November 1994 to November 1995.
Debian started as a small group of Free Software hackers and gradually grew into a large community of developers and users.
Evolution and Development
Debian releases from 0.01 to 0.90 were launched between August and December 1993, with Debian 0.91 introducing a primitive package system in January 1994.
Debian 0.93 Release 5 in March 1995 marked a significant moment with many developers maintaining their packages and the implementation of dpkg for package installation and maintenance.
Debian transitioned through various leaders like Ian Murdock, Bruce Perens, and Ian Jackson, with subsequent versions like Debian 2.0 (Hamm), Debian 2.1 (Slink), Debian 2.2 (Potato), and Debian 3.0 (Woody) introducing new features, supporting different architectures, and enhancing package management systems.
Influence on GNU/Linux Distributions
Debian's community-based development model, organizational structure, package management system, choice of risk and freedom, documentation standards, and quality assurance practices have significantly influenced the development of other Debian-based GNU/Linux distributions.
Some of the most important events
Creation of Debian
Founded in August 1993 by Ian Murdock, Debian was initiated as a distribution that welcomed contributions from developers and users, setting the stage for community-driven development in the GNU/Linux world.
Transition to ELF (Executable and Linkable Format)
Bruce Perens played a crucial role in transitioning the project from a.out to ELF, introducing significant changes like the creation of the BusyBox program to run a Debian installer on a single floppy disk and writing a new installer. By Debian 1.2, the project had grown to nearly two hundred volunteers.
Introduction of Advanced Packaging Tool (APT)
Debian 2.1 deployed the Advanced Packaging Tool, revolutionizing package management and making it easier for users to handle dependencies and software installations.
Establishment of Debian Derivatives
In 1999, the first Debian derivatives like Libranet, Corel Linux, and Stormix's Storm Linux were created, showcasing Debian's influence on the development of other distributions.
Release of Debian 3.0 (Woody)
July 2002 marked the release of Debian 3.0, code-named Woody, which was the first release to include cryptographic software, a free licensed KDE, and internationalization, demonstrating Debian's commitment to innovation and inclusivity.
Annual Debian Conference (DebConf)
Developers began holding an annual conference called DebConf with talks and workshops for developers and technical users, fostering collaboration and knowledge sharing within the Debian community.
Reorganization of Package Archive
In late 2000, the project reorganized the archive with new package "pools" and created the Testing distribution, composed of stable packages, to streamline the release process and reduce freezes for future releases.

These events highlight key milestones in Debian's history, showcasing its evolution, innovations, community engagement, and commitment to quality and progress in the open-source ecosystem.

Year by year
1993–1998
  • Born from a desire for better: In 1993, Ian Murdock dissatisfied with existing Linux distributions (like SLS), founded Debian, initially called "the Debian Linux Release."
  • Early steps: The first internal releases (0.01) happened in September 1993, followed by the first public version (0.90) with mailing list support in 1994. The Debian Linux Manifesto outlined the project's vision for an open and free operating system.
  • Growth and Sponsorship: The Free Software Foundation sponsored Debian for a year (1994-1995). Key figures emerged: Bruce Perens took over the base system management, and Ian Jackson developed the essential dpkg package manager.
  • Perens' Leadership (1996): Bruce Perens became project leader in 1996. He established the Debian Social Contract and Free Software Guidelines, oversaw the switch from a.out to ELF binary format, and created tools for a more efficient installer.
  • Project Maturation: By 1996, Debian 1.1, the first official stable release, arrived. The project grew to nearly 200 volunteers.
  • Transitions:
In 1998, Perens stepped down.
The Free Software Foundation sponsorship ended due to philosophical differences.
Ian Jackson became the new leader.
The first port to a non-Linux kernel (Debian GNU/Hurd) began development.
The first Debian Constitution was ratified.
1999-2005
  • Yearly Leadership: Starting in 1999, Debian switched to electing project leaders annually.
  • Growth and Change:
The project adopted the Advanced Packaging Tool (APT) with Debian 2.1.
A surge in applicants led to the creation of a new member onboarding process.
The first successful derivatives of Debian, like Libranet, emerged in 1999.
  • Community and Recognition:
Release 2.2 (2000) was dedicated to developer Joel Klecker.
The project reorganized its package archive for efficiency and introduced the "Testing" distribution to streamline stable releases.
DebConf, an annual developer conference, began in 2000.
Hewlett-Packard announced using Debian as the foundation for their Linux development (2001).
  • Challenges and Milestones:
Debian 3.0 (Woody) in 2002 marked the first release with cryptographic software, a free KDE desktop, and internationalization features.
Long release cycles between stable versions drew criticism from the free software community.
Security breaches and the controversial "Vancouver proposal" to reduce supported architectures created challenges during Sarge development.
The proposal aimed to shorten release cycles but faced backlash for potentially compromising Debian's goal of being a universal OS.
  • The Rise of Ubuntu:
The first Ubuntu release (based on Debian) launched in 2004, achieving significant popularity.
Debian founder Ian Murdock expressed concerns about incompatibility issues between Ubuntu and Debian packages.
2005-Present
  • A Stream of Innovation:
Debian 3.1 (Sarge) - June 2005: Major update with 73% of software refreshed, over 9,000 new packages, a modular installer supporting advanced features, and increased accessibility options.
Software Rebranding (2006): Dispute with Mozilla led to Debian temporarily forking Firefox and Thunderbird as Iceweasel and Icedove for branding and security reasons. (Agreement reached in 2016 to revert to original names).
Release Cycle Challenges: Experiment with paid release managers to address release delays faced resistance and ultimately did not solve the issue.
Debian 4.0 (Etch) - April 2007: Introduced x86-64 port and graphical installer.
  • New Releases and Continued Growth:
Debian 5.0 (Lenny) - February 2009: Supported netbooks and the Marvell Orion platform. Dedicated to developer Thiemo Seufer.
Time-Based Freezes (2009): Implemented to improve release predictability while maintaining feature focus. However, initial plans for shorter cycles were not maintained.
Backports Service (2010): Introduced to provide more recent software versions for stable releases.
Debian 6.0 (Squeeze) - February 2011: Featured a technology preview of Debian GNU/kFreeBSD, dependency-based boot system, and stricter separation of free and non-free firmware.
Debian 7 (Wheezy) - May 2013: Introduced multiarch support.
Debian 8 (Jessie) - April 2015: Adopted systemd as the new init system.
Debian 9 (Stretch) - June 2017: Replaced iptables with nftables, introduced Flatpak app support, and switched from MySQL to MariaDB.
  • Recent Advancements:
Debian 10 (Buster) - July 2019: Added Secure Boot support and enabled AppArmor by default.
Debian 11 (Bullseye) - August 2021: Introduced system journal persistency, driverless scanning support, and kernel-level exFAT filesystem support.
Debian 12 (Bookworm) - June 2023: Latest release featuring various improvements, upgraded Linux kernel (v6.1), and new "Emerald" artwork.
  • Beyond Releases:
Debian continues active development with daily uploads to the unstable branch.
The distribution has transitioned from large CD sets to downloadable archives rebuildable via jigdo.
Debian and its website have received numerous awards throughout the years.
It is available as an endorsed distribution on Microsoft Azure and a subset is included in the Windows Subsystem for GNU/Linux.

Debian GNU/Linux

Debian GNU/Linux is a GNU/Linux distribution composed of free and open source software (FOSS), developed by the community-supported Debian Project. Debian's dedication to free software, its volunteer base, its non-commercial nature and its open development model distinguishes it from other GNU operating system distributions.

Debian GNU/Linux uses the Linux kernel (the core of an operating system), but most of the basic OS tools come from the GNU project.[2][3]

Debian is one of the oldest operating systems based on the Linux kernel. It was first released on 15 September 1993. It is thus the second oldest GNU/Linux distribution still in active development, behind only Slackware.

Releases / Repositories
Oldstable

The previous stable release.

Stable

The current stable release: Contains the latest officially released distribution of Debian.

Testing

The next generation release: Contains packages that haven't been accepted into a stable release yet, but they are in the queue for that. The main advantage of using this distribution is that it has more recent versions of software.

Unstable

The unstable development release (Sid), where new or updated packages are introduced: Distribution is where active development of Debian occurs.

  • Generally, this distribution is run by developers and those who like to live on the edge.
Repositories

Experimental: Not really a release (RC-Buggy), but a repository where packages are tested (experimented) if they are not suited for unstable.

Backport: Not a release, but a repository for updated packages for stable.

Debian GNU/kFreeBSD

Debian GNU/kFreeBSD was a port that consists of GNU userland using the GNU C library on top of FreeBSD's kernel, coupled with the regular Debian package set.

  • The development of Debian GNU/kFreeBSD has officially terminated as of July 2023 due to the lack of interest and volunteers. [4]

Debian GNU/NetBSD

Debian GNU/NetBSD (i386) was a port of the Debian operating system to the NetBSD kernel and libc (not to be confused with the other Debian ports to BSD based on glibc). At the time it was abandoned (around October 2002) it was in an early stage of development (however, it could be installed from scratch).

There was also an attempt to start a Debian port to GNU/NetBSD (alpha), which could be run from a chroot on a native NetBSD (alpha) system, but could not boot by itself, and used most of the native NetBSD libraries.[5]

Debian GNU/Hurd

Debian GNU/Hurd is an operating system from Debian, but which uses GNU Hurd, which is a set of servers, running on top of the GNU Mach microkernel instead of the kernel named Linux (thus the name Debian GNU/Hurd).[6]

  • The Hurd is under active development, but does not provide the performance and stability you would expect from a production system. Also, only about three quarters of the Debian packages has been ported to the GNU/Hurd.[7]

Debian Overview

Items Information & References
Based on Independent
Developer The Debian Project (established by Ian Murdock on 16/08/1993).
First release 0.01 (pre-ALPHA), 15/09/1993[8][9]
First public release 0.9 BETA (public BETA), 26/01/1994[10]
First stable release 1.1 (Buzz), 17/06/1996[11][12]
Debian 1.0 was never released: InfoMagic, a CD vendor, accidentally shipped a development release of Debian and entitled it 1.0.[13]
Origin International
Editions
  1. Long-term support (LTS) in Stable edition.
  2. Rolling release in Testing and Unstable editions.
Architecture Debian supports several processor architectures: x86-64, arm64, armel, armhf, i386, mips64el, ppc64el, s390x, MIPS, mipsel (deprecated), and RISCV-64 (in progress)
Package format Debian and distributions based on it use the .deb package format.
Package manager • APT (Advanced Packing Tool),
• dpkg (back-end), Aptitude (front-end, graphical used interface, GUI, an ncurses interface for APT),
• Synaptic (GTK-based graphical user interface (software) for APT),
• dselect (computer program usd to manage software packages.
- All of them provide information on where to download software from /etc/apt/sources.list, which contains the repositories.
Userland GNU
Default user interface
  • GNOME on DVD
  • Xfce on CD and non-Linux ports
  • KDE Plasma, Cinnamon, MATE, LXQt, LXDE available on Debian's website.
License • GPL with software and components LGPL, BSD, MIT among others
• DFSG (Debian Free Software Guidelines) & compatible licenses (DFSG is part of Debian Social Contract).
Website
Wiki		 www.debian.org
wiki.debian.org
Debian Releases History
Debian Releases History
Version /
Codename 		Release Date Kernel version
0.01 (pre-ALPHA)[14][15] 15/09/1993 0.99.12a
0.02 (ALPHA)[16][17] 17/10/1993 0.99.13
0.03 (ALPHA)[18][19] 02/11/1993 0.99.13k
0.04 (ALPHA)[20][21] 07/11/1993 0.99.13k
0.80 (limited BETA)[22][23] 23/11/1993 0.99.13k
0.81 (limited BETA)[24][25] 28/12/1993 0.99.14h
0.90 (public BETA)[26][27] 26/01/1994 0.99.14v
0.91 (public BETA)[28][29] 29/01/1994 0.99.14x
0.93R5[30] 03/1995 1.2
0.93R6[31][32] 11/1995 1.2.13
1.0[33][34] (Never released) N/A
1.1[35][36]
Buzz 		17/06/1996 2.0
1.2[37][38]
Rex 		12/12/1996 2.0.27
1.3[39][40]
Bo 		05/06/1997 2.0.32
2.0[41][42]
Hamm 		24/07/1998 2.0.34
2.1[43][44]
Slink 		09/03/1999 2.0.34, 2.0.35,

2.0.36, 2.0.38

2.2[45][46]
Potato 		15/08/2000 2.0.38, 2.2.19
3.0[47][48]
Woody 		19/07/2002 2.2.20, 2.4.18
3.1[49][50]
Sarge 		06/06/2005 2.4.27, 2.6.8
4.0[51][52]
Etch 		08/04/2007 2.6.18, 2.6.24
5.0[53][54]
Lenny 		14/02/2009 2.6.26
6.0[55][56]
Squeeze 		06/02/2011 2.6.32
7[57][58]
Wheezy 		04/05/2013 3.2
8[59][60]
Jessie 		26/04/2015 3.16
9[61][62]
Stretch 		17/06/2017 4.9
10[63]
Buster 		06/07/2019 4.19
11[64]
Bullseye 		14/08/2021 5.10
12[65]
Bookworm 		10/06/2023 6.1
13[66]
Trixie 		To be announced
14[67]
Forky 		To be announced
unstable[68]
Sid 		Rolling Release 6.5.13-1[69]

Debian GNU/Linux based distributions

Active Debian GNU/Linux based distributions

  1. Ubuntu
  2. Devuan GNU+Linux​
  3. KNOPPIX
  4. 3CX Phone System
  5. AcademiX GNU/Linux
  6. AçorOS is a GNU/Linux distribution based on Debian Stable, is the result of collaboration with the Peppermint OS development team. AçorOS offers several desktop options for customization, is focused on making the experience simple, even for beginners.
  7. Altima Linux: Is a GNU/Linux distribution based on Debian 12, with Cinnamon as a desktop environment by default. The project used Cubic, an application by Ubuntu to create all distribution. All of the files for the project (such as icons, themes and images) can be found in the project themeselves.
  8. antiX
  9. Armbian: Armbian is a computing build framework that allows users to create system images with configurations for various single-board computers (SBCs). Armbian's objective is to unify the experience across ARM single-board computers, while maintaining performance with hardware-specific optimizations. Armbian comes in two distinct versions: one Debian-based, the other is based on a lightweight Ubuntu version.
  10. AlienOS, is a minimalistic LiveDVD GNU/Linux distribution based on Debian with integrated MX Linux tools, use either sysVinit or systemd, it has Regolith Desktop 3 and i3 window manager. Realeases0: Alien-OS nano MX (16/12/2022), based on MX Linux 21.2.1 AHS Wildflower / Debian 11.5 Bullseye. Alien-OS BSPWM (10/08/2023), a minimal distro based on Debian 12.1 with Linux Kernel 6.4 and the Archcraft look and feel - just without Arch. Alien-OS DebianCraft (17/09/2023). Alien-OS Regolith (13/02/2024), a minimal GNU/Linux distribution based on Debian 12.5 with Linux Kernel 6.6, featuring the Regolith Desktop environment 3 / i3 WM.
  11. Astra Linux, is a russian GNU/Linux distribution based on Debian, developed by RusBITech (РусБИТех-Астра), that is being widely deployed in the Russian Federation to replace Microsoft Windows. Initially it was created and developed to meet the needs of the Russian army, other armed forces and intelligence agencies. It provides data protection up to the level of "top secret" in Russian classified information grade by featuring mandatory access control. It has been officially certified by Russian Defense Ministry, Federal Service for Technical and Export Control and Federal Security Service. In the course of 2010s, as Russian authorities and industry were trying to lower dependence on Western products ("import substitution industrialization"). Aside from army and police, it is now being supplied to educational, healthcare and other state institutions, as well as in industry giants such as RZD, Gazprom, Rosatom and others. Server versions of Astra Linux are certified to work with Huawei equipment. There are two available editions of the OS: the main one is called "Special Edition" and the other one is called "Common Edition". The main differences between the two are the fact that the former is paid, while the latter is free; the former is available for x86-64 architecture, ARM architecture and Elbrus architecture, while the latter is only available for x86-64 architecture; the former has a security certification and provides 3 levels of OS security (which are named after Russian cities and which from the lowest to the highest are: Oryol, Voronezh and Smolensk), while the latter doesn't have the security certification and only provides the lowest level of OS security (Oryol).
  12. OB2D Linux (formerly B2D Linux): is a GNU/Linux distribution based on Debian Testing developed in Taiwan, with user environment and read/write support for traditional Chinese, with Xfce as desktop environment by default
  13. BOSS Linux​; Bharat Operating System Solutions (BOSS GNU/Linux) is an Indian GNU/Linux distribution developed by CDAC and is customized to suit Indian's digital environment. It supports most of the Indian languages.
  14. BunsenLabs​, successor of discontinued CrunchBang Linux.
  15. Canaima GNU/Linux
  16. CensorNet
  17. Clonezilla Live, is a small bootable GNU/Linux distribution based on Debian-live for x86/amd64 (x86-64) based computers. Clonezilla SE (Server Edition) has been developed from 2004, and it is used to deploy many computers simultaneously. Clonezilla Live is a combination of Debian Live with Clonezilla.
  18. CuerdOS: CuerdOS is a GNU/Linux distribution focused on stability and constant performance on computers of any range, without losing any functionality, focuses on delivering a great experience with Sway, but also features i3 and Xfce. CuerdOS has its own repositories where packages that are not in Debian are provided.
  19. CrunchBang++ (!#++ or CBPP), successor to CrunchBang Linux
  20. Deepin​
  21. DebianDog
  22. Debian Edu/Skolelinux​​
  23. DebEX​
  24. DebWin Linux
  25. DEKUVE​
  26. Diamond Linux-TT​
  27. DietPi​
  28. Dr.Parted
  29. Emmabuntüs​ (initially based on Ubuntu LTS 10.04 to 11.04, then Xubuntu 12.04 to 14.04, and then based on Debian Stable 8, Jessie, firt with XFCE, and the with XFCE/LXQt as Desktop environment by default. Emmabuntüs is an easy-to-access, ready-to-use desktop distribution to beginners and efficient enough on system resources to be used on computers previously installed with Windows XP, Vista, or 7. It contains a large number of modern programs pre-configured for daily use in the context of 'for family use and it is very easy to recover useful non-free software elements and multimedia codecs which are generally missing when getting started. The installation itself has been optimized using scripts (automatic programs) and can be carried out quickly offline. The distribution is available in German, English, Arabic, Spanish, French, Italian and Portuguese. Emmabuntüs is developed by the Emmabuntüs collective, an informal group of people, which was formed in 2011 around this project of using a GNU/Linux distribution to simplify the reconditioning of used computers resulting from donations to humanitarian associations, and originally to the Emmaüs communities (hence its name). It is suitable for all users, whether beginners in IT or not, and meets two other objectives: to promote discovery of the GNU/Linux environment and to extend the lifespan of computer hardware to reduce waste of raw materials linked to overconsumption.
  30. Elive​​
  31. Endless OS
  32. ExLight​
  33. eznixOS
  34. Finnix​​, is a small LiveCD GNU/Linux distribution based on Debian GNU/Linux for system administrators. Finnix is a live utility GNU/Linux distribution that has hundreds of utilities for recovery, maintenance, testing, etc. There is no desktop environment by default installed.
  35. FreedomBox​
  36. GeeXboX
  37. gLinux, gLinux is a rolling release GNU/Linux distribution based on Debian Testing used at Google as a workstation operating system. The Google gLinux team builds the system from source code, introducing their own changes. gLinux replaced the previously used Ubuntu-based distribution, Goobuntu. gLinux is usually installed by loading into a bootstrap environment when it is first booted up. When it is started, the root files are unpacked and the Debian installer starts to perform the installation. According to a former user of the operating system, it uses the Cinnamon desktop environment. As of 2024, only the GNOME desktop environment is fully supported. Over the years, Google has focused on speed, scale and data, which is the thought process that allowed them to move to gLinux. Google used Ubuntu before switching to gLinux; however, the two years of security updates it provided meant that planning for the next upgrade would take close to a year.
  38. Gnoppix, (since 2006)
  39. GParted
  40. Grml​
  41. HeliumOS
  42. Huayra GNU/Linux: Is an argentinian GNU/Linux distribution, originally developed by the ANSES for the Conectar Igualdad Program, currently it's maintained by the State Company Educ.ar. The Huayra team develops educational applications designed for students and teachers. There are also other applications that, while not educational, are designed for young kids. It is a project started on 01/08/2012, version 0.*, being version 1.0 released on 10/03/2013. It has the MATE desktop environment by default.
    1. HuayraMedios GNU/Linux is a discontinued GNU/Linux distribution based on Huayra GNU/Linux. It was oriented to the production of communication contents. It was a lightweight distribution, with an Xfce desktop environment by default, designed to allocate most of the hardware resources to specific software for streaming production or broadcasting. HuayraMedios GNU/Linux was created with the aim of contributing to the creation of school, social, community or even commercial radios, in a simple, effective and agile way.
  43. Kali Linux​​, (developed from BackTrack)
  44. Kaisen Linux​
  45. Kanotix​
  46. Kumander Linux
  47. Lingmo OS
  48. LinuxGLOBAL
  49. Linux Mint Debian Edition (LMDE).
  50. Live Raizo
  51. Loc-OS Linux: Loc-OS is based on Debian since version 22. Before version 22 it was based on antiX.
  52. Lingmo OS: Lingmo is a chinese GNU/Linux distribution based on Debian GNU/Linux, which can achieve beautiful UI and smooth experience on low performance hardware.
  53. Mauna Linux (formerly Amarok Linux): Mauna Linux (formerly Amarok Linux) is a GNU/Linux distribution based on Debian Testing. Besides the Debian repositories, Mauna has its software repository to offer newer versions of applications. With the default installation, Mauna offers a set of commonly used applications to get started. Mauna Linux originates from Brazil and uses Spanish as its primary language. Mauna Linux comes with six desktop environments: Xfce, GNOME, MATE, Cinnamon, LXQt y KDE Plasma. On 30/08/2023, the Mauna Linux team announced their plan to rebrand as Mauna Linux instead of Amarok Linux[70]. Amarok Linux releases. Mauna Linux releases.
  54. MakuluLinux​
  55. Maemo
  56. MiniOS, (initially based on Mandriva. Since 2020 based on Debian).
  57. MX Linux
  58. NeptuneOS
  59. Netrunner Desktop & Core​
  60. Nitrux​
  61. OB2D Linux
  62. Omoikane GNU/Linux (ARMA)
  63. OpenMediaVault
  64. OSMC (Open Source Media Center), (ex Raspbmc), is a minimal GNU/Linux distribution from United Kingdom, based om Debian Stable, that brings the Kodi media centre software to a Raspberry Pi, Apple TV and Vero devices. This device has an excellent form factor and enough power to handle media playback, making it an ideal component in a low-cost HTPC (Home Theatre Personal Computer) setup, yet delivering the same Kodi experience that can be enjoyed on much more costly platforms.
  65. PakOS
  66. Pardus​​, (since 2013 based on Debian. Initially a fork of Gentoo, with package manager PiSi)
  67. Parrot Security OS
  68. Peppermint OS: Based on Debian & Devuan since version 2022-02-02. Previously based on Lubuntu.
  69. Piren
  70. Predator-OS
  71. Proxmox
  72. PureOS
  73. Q4OS
  74. Raspberry Pi OS (ex Raspbian)​
  75. RebeccaBlackOS​, is a Debian-based LiveCD distribution which can be used to run Wayland desktop sessions. RebeccaBlackOS can run a number of popular open source desktop environments on top of a Wayland graphical session. The distribution was (and remains) one of the only GNU/Linux distributions to run a Weston, on Wayland session from Live media. The distribution is available in 32-bit and 64-bit builds for the x86 architecture.
  76. RELIANOID (previous Zen Load Balancer, and Relianoid): Is a Debian-based GNU/Linux distribution, (first version 0.2, released on 01/09/2010), for load balancing. The distribution offers a load balancing oriented operating system for testing, development, and quality assurance environments. Relianoid is available in Community (free of cost) and Enterprise editions. It's an open core Application Delivery Controller (ADC) with advanced load balancing features such as Network Load Balancer, Application Load Balancer with SSL offloading, Advance Network Configuration including Virtual Interfaces, VLANs, Bonding with link aggregation, IPv4/IPv6, advanced routing, stateless cluster, web GUI, JSON API and more.
  77. Rescatux[71]
  78. RSOS: RSOS is a minimalist GNU/Linux distribution based on Debian with XFCE as desktop environment by default. The system offers high performance even on old computers and at the same time impresses with its modern and intuitive design.
  79. siduction​​, (aptosid fork)
  80. SELKS
  81. Septor
  82. Slax, since version 9.2.1 is also based on Slackware.
  83. SolydXK​, (SolydX and SolydK, with Xfce and KDE respectively, are SolydXK Linux)
  84. SparkyLinux​: Is fast, lightweight and fully customizable. Sparky is built around the Openbox window manager and offers versions for different users and different tasks. SparkyLinux has two releases: (Stable): Based on Debian stable line of Debian; and (Semi-)rolling: Based on Debian testing branch.
    1. Sparky Bonsai: Is a GNU/Linux distribution based on Debian/[SparkyLinux] in a portable form. Taking advantage of the experience of portable distros such as Slax, Porteus, Puppy and DebianDog, is a remix of SparkyLinux. The idea was to make a portable version of the distro already installed, for cases where you can't, don't need, or don't want to install SparkyLinux. It is a minimal Debian Buster, with the BusterDog’s modules for porteus boot, live-boot-3x and aufs support. Sparky Bonsai uses systemd as pure Debian and Sparky Linux.
  85. SpiralLinux[72]
  86. Skudonet is a load balancer and application delivery system based on Debian. Originally forked from Zevenet, the platform provides HTTP and HTTPS connections for web applications as well as load balancing services for TCP and UDP traffic. Skudonet is available in community and commercially supported editions.
  87. SysLinuxOS​ is a LiveDVD GNU/Linux distribution based on Debian designed for system administrators and system integrators. It offers a complete networking environment that is organised to integrate various software tools and has a friendly graphical interface using the MATE and GNOME desktops. SysLinuxOS was built to work right out of the box, with all networking tools already installed by default. It includes all major Virtual Private Networks (VPNs), several remote control clients, various browsers, as well as WINE, Wireshark, Etherape, Ettercap, PackETH, Packet Sender, Putty, Nmap, Cutecom, Packet Tracer, tools for serial console, and the latest stable Linux kernel.
  88. Tails: Tails, or "The Amnesic Incognito Live System", is a security-focused Debian-based GNU/Linux distribution aimed at preserving Internet privacy and anonymity. It connects to the Internet exclusively through the anonymity network Tor. The system is designed to be booted as a live DVD or live USB and never writes to the hard drive or SSD, leaving no digital footprint on the machine unless explicitly told to do so. It can also be run as a virtual machine, with some additional security risks. The Tor Project provided financial support for Tails' development in the beginnings of the project, and continues to do so alongside numerous corporate and anonymous sponsors.
  89. TileOS: Debian-based distribution with tiling window managers (Sway and River).
  90. TTOS Linux: Is a desktop GNU/Linux distribution, created by Tom Travers, which includes many custom utilities TTOS Specific to separate it from other debian variants. It is a 64-bit designed for OEM system builders and the TTPC Computer Models. It's available with KDE 5, GNOME 3, Xfce, IceWM, GNUStep, and Trinity Desktop Environment.
  91. TrueNAS SCALE, is a HyperConverged storage solution based on the Debian GNU/Linux distribution.
  92. TurnKey Linux
  93. Ubix Linux, Ubix stands for Universal Business Intelligence Computing System. Ubix Linux is an open-source, Debian-based Linux distribution geared towards data acquisition, transformation, analysis and presentation. Ubix Linux purpose is to offer a tiny but versatile datalab. Ubix Linux is easily accessible, resource-efficient and completely portable on a simple USB key. Ubix Linux is a perfect toolset for learning data analysis and artificial intelligence basics on small to medium datasets.
  94. Univention Corporate Server​
  95. Untangle NG Firewall
  96. Vanilla OS​, is a fixed-release GNU/Linux distribution based originally on Ubuntu, and from version 2 based on Debian, with the GNOME desktop, is an immutable operating system. The core parts of the system are locked down to prevent unwanted changes and corruption from third-party applications or a faulty update. Released: Vanilla OS 22.10 (first version) was based on Ubuntu and released on 29/12/2022. Vanilla OS 2 Orchid, based pn Debian, was released on 28/07/2024.
  97. Vinari OS, is a GNU/Linux distribution based on Debian 12. It uses the GNOME 43.6 desktop environment, includes some development and everyday utilities. It only supports 64-bit CPUs. It is the latest version, being currently supported by VINARI SOFTWARE and is frequently updated.
  98. Volumio
  99. Voyager Live, (version 11 Debian Bullseye​)
  100. VyOS
  101. Whonix​
  102. Window Maker Live​
  103. WattOS Linux: Is a lightweight GNU/Linux distribution based on Debian Stable from R12 version, released on 18/11/2022. Since version R2 to R10 wattOS was based Ubuntu (it was based on Ubuntu 16.04.1 until wattOS R10 version, released on 01/09/2016.). wattOS uses LXDE as desktop environment by default, installer Calamares from a live session, and gdebi to install .deb packages.
  104. Xebian
  105. YunoHost
  106. Zephix[73]
  107. Zevenet


AcademiX GNU/Linux

AcademiX GNU/Linux] is a romanian GNU/Linux distribution based on Debian, developed specifically for education.

The distribution was built on the Debian GNU/Linux (Stretch/Buster) and contains free software for education.

The programs included in the distribution are for all levels of education – from primary to upper and / or university levels.

AcademiX includes an installation utility (called EDU) that can be used to install a variety of applications in mathematics, physics, chemistry, geography, biology, statistics, electronics, amateur radio, graphics, office, programming - which are accompanied by virtual interactive labs.

AcademiX uses the MATE desktop environment by default.


3CX Phone System

3CX Phone System is a GNU/Linux distribution based on Debian designed to run a complete unified communications platform.

The 3CX client, included in the distribution, can also be installed separately on most hardware as well as the cloud.

It provides a complete open standards-based IP PBX and phone system that works with popular SIP trunks and IP phones.

It will automatically configure all supported peripherals and it also comes with clients for Windows, OS X, iOS and Android.

The ISO image includes a free license for the 3CX PBX edition.

The ISO image contains the standard Debian installer which installs a minimal system with the nginx web server, PostgreSQL database, iptables firewall and Secure Shell.

Options not relevant to 3CX have been removed from the distribution.


antiX

antiX is a systemd-free GNU/Linux LiveCD distribution for Intel-AMD x86 compatible systems. Originally in 2007, antiX MEPIS 6.5 was a lightweight distro based on SimplyMEPIS 6.5.

antiX initially replaced the MEPIS KDE desktop environment with the Fluxbox and IceWM window managers.

  • Since antiX 12 is based on Debian GNU/Linux, specifically Debian 6.0.
  • Since antiX 19 is offered with Sysvinit and runit as an option for the boot system.
  • Since antiX 22, is offered without elogind for 32-bit and 64-bit architecture.
Goal

The goal of antiX is to provide a light, but fully functional and flexible free operating system for both newcomers and experienced users of GNU/Linux. It should run on most computers, ranging from 256MB old systems with pre-configured swap to the latest powerful boxes. 512MB RAM is the recommended minimum for antiX. Installation to hard drive requires a minimum 7.0GB hard disk size.[74]

antiX Releases History
Version Codename Release Date
6.5 Spartacus 9 July 2007
7.0 Lysistrata 30 October 2007
7.2 Vetëvendosje] 16 May 2008
7.5 Toussaint Louverture 24 August 2008
8.0 Intifada! 14 February 2009
8.2 Tȟašúŋke Witkó 24 July 2009
8.5 Marek Edelman 12 April 2010
M11 Jayaben Desai 3 May 2011
12 Edelweißpiraten 7 August 2012
13 Luddite 2 July 2013
MX-14.4 Symbiosis 23 March 2015
15 Killah P 30 June 2015
MX-15 Fusion 24 December 2015
16 Berta Cáceres 26 June 2016
17 Heather Heyer 24 October 2017
17.1 18 March 2018
17.2 Helen Keller 05 October 2018
17.4.1 28 March 2019
17.5 9 January 2022
19 Marielle Franco 17 October 2019
19.1 23 December 2019
19.2 Hannie Schaft 28 March 2020
19.3 Manolis Glezos 16 October 2020
19.4 Grup Yorum 21 May 2021
19.5 25 January 2022
21 31 October 2021
22 19 October 2022
23 Arditi del Popolo 28 August 2023
23.1 Arditi del Popolo 21/02/2024
Active antix-based distributions
  1. Legacy OS (formerly TEENpup Linux), since 2023. Before 2017, based on Puppy Linux, is australian antiX's customized GNU/Linux distribution built with unique icewm themes, icons, gtk themes and a larger collection of specially chosen Applications and System files by default over antiX.


BunsenLabs

BunsenLabs is a GNU/Linux distribution based on the stable version of Debian 10 (Buster), which offers a lightweight and easily customizable Openbox desktop, incorporates by default a minimalist interface with a high degree of customization, using Tint2 and Conky, and is a community-organized successor of CrunchBang Linux.

BunsenLabs is one of the few modern Debian-based live distributions that still offers a CD edition supporting 32-bit systems, with both the X Window System and a modern version of Firefox, making the distro useful for running on old computers with just around 1 GB of RAM.

Features
  • Pre-configured Openbox window manager with tint2 panel, conky system monitor and jgmenu, a feature-rich desktop menu.
  • Assortment of harmonising GTK2/3 themes, wallpapers and conky configurations
  • Various configuration and application utilities to maintain this system
  • Additional desktop-, multimedia- and hardware-related packages come pre-installed to offer a better “out-of-the-box” experience.
Architectures

A combination of LiveCD and installation media is provided for Debian amd64 (x86-64) and i386 (i686) architectures.

  • The BunsenLabs main repository currently offers support for the amd64, i386, armhf (arm32v7) and arm64 (aarch64, arm64v8) Debian ports.

The main focus is on the DVD-sized amd64 ISO, which includes all features. The i386 ISO is a slightly lighter version intended for older computers, but can be extended after installation to include all features.

BunsenLabs Releases History
Version Codename Release
20160710 Hydrogen 10/07/2016
20170429 Deuterium 29/04/2017
Helium-5 09/07/2019
Lithium-1 02/08/2020
10.5 Lithium-2.1 31/02/2021
Beryllium-1 19/12/2022
Boron 24/01/2024


Canaima GNU/Linux

Canaima GNU/Linux is a venezuelan free and open source GNU/Linux distribution that is based on Debian, and arises as a consequence of Presidential Decree No. 3390 on the use of Free Information Technologies in the Venezuelan National Public Administration (APN).

  • On 14/03/2011 in the Official Gazette No. 39.632 where it is established as the operating system for the workstations of the APN.

Canaima is a State project designed with the needs and realities of the Venezuelan public servant in mind, oriented to the processes of the National Public Administration, in support of its automation with Free software, being this an alternative to the traditional dependent model and facing a market surrounded by large corporations, mostly transnational.

Canaima includes tools and methods to advance towards technological independence and sovereignty, serving as a meeting platform for developers and users involved in the management of free information technologies, with relevance in our national project.

Canaima is Free Software, which implies a new ethic of consumption, production and economic relations around free technologies.

Development Cycle

The rolling release development model is used:

  1. The socio-productive Community, APN and Universities
  2. Building your own packages
  3. Alpha Version
  4. Evaluation
  5. Beta version 1
  6. Beta version 2
  7. Publication
Canaima GNU/Linux Releases History
Version /
Codename 		Release Date
1.0
Canaima 		18/10/2007
2.0
Canaima 		05/02/2009
2.0,1 RC1
Canaima 		16/04/2009
2.0.1
Canaima 		15/05/2009
2.0.2
Canaima 		22/05/2009
2.0.3
Canaima 		03/07/2009
2.0.4
Canaima 		17/10/2009
2.1 RC
Canaima 		21/05/2010
3.0 RC
Roraima 		10/02/2011
3.0 RC2
Roraima 		22/02/2011
3.0
Roraima 		05/05/2011
3.1 VC1
Auyantepui 		29/12/2011
3.1 VC2
Auyantepui 		06/07/2012
3.1 VC3
Auyantepui 		18/07/2012
3.1
Auyantepui 		14/11/2012
4.0
Kerepakupai 		04/12/2013
4.1
Kukenán 		04/09/2014
5.0
Chimantá 		19/12/2016
6.0
Kavac 		18/03/2018
6.0.3
Kavac 		18/04/2018
6.1.0
Kavac 		24/06/2020
7.0
Imawarí 		19/08/2022
Discontinued Canaima GNU/Linux Derivatives
  1. Canaima Colibri, a venezuelan distribution with the goals of being friendly, light and functional for computers with low resources. Canaima Colibrí is a flavor of distribution based on Canaima GNU/Linux that aims to be light and functional for low-income computers. The developer and maintainer was Franklin G. Mendoza aka DebianSick.
  2. Canaima Comunal, the idea behind this edition is that it can be extended by community councils, a form of community government called "Consejos Comunales". The main aim is to deliver an operating system to the people in these councils for their everyday work, including tools for surveys among others.
  3. Canaima Caribay, aimed at community media that has flourished because of government support, since the Venezuelan government sees most private media outlets as being heavily biased.
  4. GeoCanaima contains free Geomatics applications and data to perform various practices and interact with desktop applications, web servers and mapping generators.
  5. Canaima Forense, a new user-friendly environment containing a variety of useful tools for computer forensics.


Crunchbangplusplus

Crunchbangplusplus (Crunchbang++, #!++ or CBPP) is minimalist a GNU/Linux distribution based on Debian stable featuring the lightweight Openbox window manager, being a continuation of CrunchBang Linux which was discontinued in 2015.

It is available for both i686 and x86_64 processor architectures.

It was developed in response to Newborough's announcement of the end of CrunchBang Linux.

Release 1.0 was announced on 29/04/2015.

Crunchbangplusplus Releases History
Version Release
1.0, v8 Jessie
i386 & amd64 		28/04/2015
2.0, v9 Stretch
i386 & amd64 		21/06/2017
3.0, v10.1 Buster
i386 & amd64 		13/07/2019
4.0, v11.2 Bullseye
i386 & amd64 		14/05/2023
5.0, v12.0 Bookworm
i386 & amd64 		11/06/2023
6.0, v12.1 Bookworm
i386 & amd64 		01/02/2024


Loc-OS Linux

Loc-OS Linux is a uruguayan-brazilian GNU/Linux distribution; developed by Nicolás Longardi (founder), José Leiva (Anonyzard) and Karla Perez (KarlasProject); focused on low resource consumption.

  • The first version 21 it was based on antiX. From version 22 it was based on Debian.
  • Being very lightweight it is able to run perfectly on older computers, although it also runs on more modern computers.
History

Loc-OS Linux was created in 2021 as a modified version of antiX 19.34 (as a Respin).

In 2022, due to problems with antiX, the distribution on which it was initially based, the creator determined that Loc-OS should rely only on the official Debian repositories.

At the end of 2023, a version of KDE Plasma was released on 07/01/2024.

Features
  • It uses SysVinit as a set of boot daemons, instead of systemd.
  • It was created using antiX as the base distribution (in version 21), but without its repositories (from version 22).
  • Loc-OS uses .deb packages and lpkg (Loc-OS's Packages).
  • There are also lpkgbuild packages, although these are auto-installation scripts and not packages per se.
  • It has a graphical interface for installing lpkg packages, called LPKG GUI.
  • It runs on both 32-bit and 64-bit computers.
  • It has its own control center.
  • It uses the Calamares installer as the default system installer.
Desktop enviroments

There are three desktops enviroments available:

  • LXDE 32 & 64 bits (main)
  • Xfce 64 bits (remembering that the main and lighter version is with LXDE)
  • KDE Plasma 32 & 64 bits
LoC-OS Linux Releases History
Release /
Release date 		Description Based on
21 Beta
16/04/2021		 Respin of antiX antiX 19.3
22 XFCE
20/02/2023		 Codename "El Loco" Debian
22 LXDE
09/03/2023		 Debian
22.2
20/03/2023		 Debian
22.3 beta
10/06/2023		 Codename Con Tutti Debian 12
23
01/08/2023		 Debian
23 KDE i686 & x86-64
22/12/2023		 Debian
23 XFCE & LXDE x86-64
28/03/2024		 Debian
23 LXDE i686
28/03/2024		 Debian
22.4 LXDE
09/04/2024		 Debian


DebianDog

DebianDog is a GNU/Linux distribution based on Debian, built from a very small Debian Live, with a look like Puppy Linux, but not being based on Woof-CE Puppy creation tool. DebianDog has a Debian structure, Debian behaviour are untouched, and Debian documentation is 100% valid for DebianDog.

The project was initiated by Toni (saintless) and later assisted by: William (mcewanw), Terry (sunburnt) and Fred (fredx181).

The Devuan/Debian/Ubuntu-based Dogs do however also come in several flavours being specially crafted from official Debian or Ubuntu official distributions; nowadays using official debootstrap script and then modified in-house by current maintainer(s).

Features

The major difference between DebianDog and Puppy Linux is that Puppy Linux has its own package manager (the Puppy Package Manager (PPM)). As stated above, DebianDog using the Debian package manager and packages.

DebianDog has tools similar to Puppy. It's possible to create easy separate squashfs modules and remaster the system with all personal changes.

Every entry on DebianDog has a 32-bit option. They also have lighter desktop environments/window managers, such as Openbox or the Trinity Desktop environment. Most of those also have an alternative to systemd. They also come with lighter applications installed, such as PCManFM.

DebianDog derivatives
  1. DebianDog Jessie: The first (and original) version of DebianDog is DebianDog Jessie. There are two 32-bit versions of it. One uses Joe’s Window Manager (JWM) as default and the other uses XFCE. Both systemd and sysvinit are available. There is also a 64-bit version. DebianDog Jessie is based on Debian 8.0 (codename Jessie). Support for Debian 8.0 ends on June 30th, 2020, so install with caution.
  2. StretchDog: Is based on Debian 9.0 (codename Stretch). It is available in 32 and 64-bit. Openbox is the default window manager, but we can also switch to JWM. Support for Debian 9.0 ends on June 30th, 2022.
  3. BusterDog: Is based on Debian 10 (codename Buster). It does not use systemd, instead, it uses elogind from antiX. Support for Debian 10.0 ends on June 2024.
  4. MintPup: Is based on Linux Mint 17.1. This LiveCD is 32-bit only. Considering that Mint 17 has reached end of life, this version must be avoided.
  5. XenialDog: There are both 32-bit and 64-bit versions of this spin based on the Ubuntu 16.04 LTS. Both versions come with Openbox as default with JWM as an option. Support for Ubuntu 16.04 LTS ends in April of 2021, so install with caution.
  6. TrinityDog: There are two versions of the TrintyDog spin. One is based on Debian 8 and the other is based on Debian 9. Both are 32-bit and both use the Trinity Desktop Environment, thus the name.
  7. BionicDog: Is based on Ubuntu 18.04 LTS. The main version of this spin has both 32 and 64-bit with Openbox as the default window manager. There is also a version that uses the Cinnamon desktop and is only 64-bit.
Version Release Date
DebianDog - Squeeze, 03/12/2013 and 08/12/2013.
DebianDog - Wheezy First release, 16/04/2014
DebianDog - Jessie 27/05/2015
MintPup-Trusty (Trusty LTS): Mint/Ubuntu Trusty based 29/07/2015
DebianDog Jessie 64-bit 11/12/2015
DebianDog Night by josejp2424 18/12/2015
XenialDog, based on Ubuntu 16.04 LTS, 32-bit 29/04/2016
DebianDog - Jessie - Continued (xfce_openbox only) 16/10/2016
XenialDog 64bit 18/01/2017
DebianDog - Jessie 21/06/2017
MintPup-Trusty (MBPUP Linux) fork of BionicDog, based on Linux Mint 17.1 and Ubuntu 14.04 26/06/2017
TrinityDog 19/07/2017
StretchDog 10/10/2017
BionicDog, based on Ubuntu 18.04 LTS 32 bit and 64 bit 21/04/2018
BionicDog 64-bit, Cinnamon version 27/08/2018
BusterDog 13/07/2020
FossaDog 13/08/2020
DebianDOg Sid, without systemd + build system (mklive-sid) 20/09/2020


Kali Linux

Kali Linux (formerly known as BackTrack Linux) is an open source, Debian-based GNU/Linux distribution aimed at advanced Penetration Testing and Security Auditing, maintained and funded by OffSec (in March 2023 Offensive Security was renamed to OffSec). It does this by providing common tools, configurations, and automations which allows the user to focus on the task that needs to be completed, not the surrounding activity.

Kali Linux contains industry specific modifications as well as several hundred tools targeted towards various Information Security tasks, such as Penetration Testing, Security Research, Computer Forensics, Reverse Engineering, Vulnerability Management and Red Team Testing.

Kali Linux is a multi-platform solution, accessible and freely available to information security professionals and hobbyists.

Features
  • More than 600 penetration testing tools included.
  • Is completely free of charge.
  • Open source Git tree.
  • FHS compliant: Kali adheres to the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard.
  • Wide-ranging wireless device support: A regular sticking point with GNU/Linux distributions has been support for wireless interfaces. Kali Linux support many wireless devices, to run properly on a wide variety of hardware and making it compatible with numerous USB and other wireless devices.
  • Custom kernel, patched for injection.
  • Developed in a secure environment: The Kali Linux team is made up of a small group of individuals who are the only ones trusted to commit packages and interact with the repositories, all of which is done using multiple secure protocols.
  • GPG signed packages and repositories: Every package in Kali Linux is signed by each individual developer who built and committed it, and the repositories subsequently sign the packages as well.
  • Multi-language support: Although penetration tools tend to be written in English. Kali Linux includes true multilingual support, allowing more users to operate in their native language and locate the tools they need for the job.
  • Completely customizable.
  • ARMEL and ARMHF support: Since ARM-based single-board systems like the Raspberry Pi and BeagleBone Black, among others. Kali Linux is available on a wide range of ARM devices and has ARM repositories integrated with the mainline distribution so tools for ARM are updated in conjunction with the rest of the distribution.
History of Kali Linux

During all these project’s life-time, there has been only a few different developers, as the team has always been small. As a result, Kali has been years in the making and has come a long way.

  • The first project was called Whoppix, which stood for WhiteHat Knoppix. As can be inferred from the name, it was based on KNOPPIX for the underlining OS. Whoppix had releases ranging from v2.0 to v2.7.
  • This made way for the next project, WHAX (or the long hand, WhiteHat Slax). The name change was because the base OS changed from Knoppix to Slax. WHAX started at v3, as a nod towards it carrying on from Whoppix.
  • There was a similar OS being produced at the same time, Auditor Security Collection (often getting shorted to just Auditor), once again using KNOPPIX, and efforts were combined (with WHAX) to produce BackTrack. BackTrack was based on Slackware from v1 to v3, but switched to Ubuntu later on with v4 to v5.
  • Kali Linux came after BackTrack in 2013. Kali started off using Debian stable as the engine under the hood before moving to Debian testing when Kali became a rolling operating system.
Kali Linux Releases History
Date Project / Release Based on
30/08/2004 Whoopix 2 Knoppix 3.6
17/07/2005 WHAX 3 Whoopix 2 & Slax 5.05
26/05/2006 BackTrack 1 Slackware LiveCD 10.2.0
& WHAX 3 & Auditor Security Collection 200605
06/03/2007 BackTrack 2 Slackware LiveCD 11.0.0
19/06/2008 BackTrack 3 Slackware LiveCD 12.0.0
09/01/2010 BackTrack 4 (Pwnsauce) Ubuntu 8.10 (Intrepid Ibex)
10/05/2011 BackTrack 5 (Revolution) Ubuntu 10.04 (Lucid Lynx)
13/03/2013 Kali Linux 1 (Moto) Debian Stable 7 (Wheezy)
11/08/2015 Kali Linux 2 (Safi) Debian Stable 8 (Jessie)
21/01/2016 Kali Linux Rolling (Kali 2016.1) Debian Testing
Active Kali Linux-based distributions
  1. Kali Linux NetHunter: Kali NetHunter is a free and open source mobile penetration testing platform for Android devices, based on Kali Linux. Kali NetHunter is available for non-rooted devices (NetHunter Rootless), for rooted devices that have a standard recovery (NetHunter Lite), and for rooted devices with custom recovery for which a NetHunter specific kernel is available (NetHunter). Official images are published by Offensive Security on their download page and are updated every quarter. NetHunter images with custom kernels are published for the most popular supported devices, such as Google Nexus, Samsung Galaxy and OnePlus. Many more models are supported, and images not published by Offensive Security can be generated using NetHunter build scripts. Kali NetHunter is maintained by a community of volunteers, and is funded by Offensive Security.


Kanotix

Kanotix (also referred to as KANOTIX), is a GNU/Linux german distribution by Jörg Schirottke aka Kano, based on Debian Stable, although initially based on Debian Unstable (Sid), and also is based on the development of KNOPPIX by Klaus Knopper.

Kanotix is optimized for 32 bits i586 and available for x86-64 (amd64) architecture, it has advanced hardware detection.

  • The first Kanotix-preview was released on 24/12/2003, with name "KANOTIX XMAS 2003 PREVIEW".
Features
  • It can run from an optical disc drive or other media i.e. USB-stick without using a hard disk drive.
  • A smaller Lite version and a richer DVD version are also available.
  • LiveCD versions are either in english or german.
  • It is possible to create a modified version of Kanotix LiveCD.
  • Uses KDE as the default desktop environment.
  • Kanotix is a rolling release GNU/Linux distributions
  • Nightly builds are automated builds every night of the latest development code of KANOTIX and with the latest packages from the repositories.
  • Since 2013 the newer releases ship with LXDE as a second lightweight desktop environment.
  • Automatic installation of graphic-drivers with nvidia and fglrx-scripts with dkms support.
  • Kanotix can be installed to the hard disk using the (graphical) acritoxinstaller.
Name

The name Kanotix is derived from the founder's nickname Kano. Kanotix's mascot is a fangtooth.

Kanotix Releases History
Version /
Date 		Name Debian-Version
2020-
2020-04-13		 Silverfire-Nightly Extra ISO 10.4 Buster
2019-
2019-07-06		 Silverfire-Nightly-Build current 10.0 Buster
2017-
2017-11-04		 Steelfire-Nightly-Build-KDE 9.0 Stretch
2017-
2017-08-27		 Steelfire-Nightly-Build-LXDE 9.0 Stretch
2015-
2015-04-26		 Spitfire-Nightly Build 8.0 Jessie
2014-05
2014-05-11		 Spitfire LinuxTag 2014 8.0 Jessie
2014-05
2014-05-11		 Dragonfire LinuxTag 2014 7.0 Wheezy
2013-05
2013-05-22		 Dragonfire LinuxTag 2013 7.0 Wheezy
2013-03
2013-03-06		 Dragonfire CeBIT-Edition 7.0 Wheezy
2012-05
2012-05-23		 Dragonfire 2012-05 7.0 Wheezy
2012-05
2012-05-23		 Hellfire 2012-05 6.0 Squeeze
2011-05
2011-05-11		 Hellfire 2011-05 6.0 Squeeze
2011-03
2011-03-02		 Hellfire 2011-03 6.0 Squeeze
2010
2010-06-08		 Excalibur 5.0 Lenny
2009
2009-12-27		 Excalibur (Preview) 5.0 Lenny
2007
2007-12-31		 Thorhammer (RC7) 4.0 Etch
2007
2007-09-15		 Thorhammer (RC6) 4.0 Etch
01-2006
2006-10-02		 2006-01 (RC4) Debian unstable
2006
2006-05-14		 2006-VDR (RC6) Debian unstable
2006
2006-05-14		 2006-Easter (RC4) Debian unstable
2006
2006-03-11		 2006-CeBit (RC3) Debian unstable
2005-04
2005-12-31		 Debian unstable
2005-03
2005-06-06		 Debian unstable
2005-02
2005-04-10		 Debian unstable
2005-01
2005-02-12		 Debian unstable
10-2004
2004-11-28		 Bug Hunter X Debian unstable
09-2004
2004-10-17		 Bug Hunter 09 Debian unstable
08-2004
2004-09-20		 Bug Hunter 08 Debian unstable
07-2004
2004-07-29		 Bug Hunter 07 Debian unstable
06-2004
2004-07-01		 Bug Hunter 06 Debian unstable
05-2004
2004-04-23		 Bug Hunter 05 Debian unstable
04-2004
2004-03-19		 Bug Hunter 04 Debian unstable
03-2004
2004-03-02		 Bug Hunter 03 Debian unstable
02-2004
2004-02-07		 Bug Hunter 02 Debian unstable
01-2004
2004-02-03		 Bug Hunter 01 Debian unstable
01-2003
2003-12-24		 XMAS Preview Debian unstable
Discontinued Kanotix-based distributions
  1. Benix, a LiveCD GNU/Linux distribution based on Kanotix, with Xfce as desktop environment by default. The Live system was created in 2005 and a small set of applications. The Benix ISO image was small in size about 190 MB. The last version, 2005.02-1, was released on 08/06/2005.

MX Linux

MX Linux is a GNU/Linux distribution currently based on Debian stable and using core antiX components, with additional software created or packaged by the MX community. The development of MX Linux is a collaborative effort between the antiX and former MEPIS communities.

The community's stated goal is to produce "a family of operating systems that are designed to combine elegant and efficient desktops with high stability and solid performance".

Name;

The MX name comes from the M for MEPIS and the X from antiX, an acknowledgment of its roots.

History
  • MX Linux began in a discussion about future options among members of the MEPIS community in December 2013.
Developers from antiX then joined them, bringing the ISO build system as well as Live-USB/DVD technology.
MX Linux was initially released based on antiX 13, Debian GNU/Linux 7.4 and the MEPIS community.
  • The MX-14 series was based on Debian Stable "Wheezy". The MX-14 versions were intended to fit onto a CD, which limited the number of applications that could be included. This series saw the gradual evolution of the MX Tools, a collection of utilities to help users with common tasks that are often complicated and obscure.
  • MX-15 moved to the new Debian Stable "Jessie" using systemd-shim, meaning that systemd is installed but the default init is sysvinit. The size limitation was lifted, enabling the developers to present a full turnkey product. There was a substantial expansion of MX Tools.
  • MX-16 was still based on Debian Stable "Jessie", but with many applications backported and added from other sources. There were further refinements to MX Tools, the import of advanced antiX developments, expanded support, and a completely new icon/theme/wallpaper collection.
  • Since the MX-16 release on 14/12/2016, MX is only going to be based on Debian, version 8.6.
  • MX-16.1 collected all bug fixes and improvements since MX-16, added a new kingfisher theme, upgraded and streamlined MX Tools, revised documentation, and added new translations.
  • MX-17 changed its base to Debian 9 (Stretch) and brought upgraded artwork, new MX Tools, improved Live operation via antiX and other changes.
  • MX-18 continued the development of MX Tools, introduced a new kernel, enabled whole disk encryption, and added GRUB themes, splash functionality through MX Boot options artwork, and improved localization.
  • MX-19 upgraded its base to Debian 10 (Buster) and its default desktop environment to Xfce 4.14. It is characterized by new and revised Tools, artwork, documentation, localization, and technical features.
  • MX-21 was released on October 21, 2021. It is based on Debian 11.0 (Bullseye) and is available as Xfce, KDE or Fluxbox versions. Details in the MX Blog.
  • MX-21.1 was released on April 9, 2022. It is based on Debian 11.3 (Bullseye) and is available as Xfce, Xfce AHS[75], KDE, and Fluxbox versions. Disk Manager returns and for share settings, MX Samba Config app (GUI) is included. Further details are in the MX blog.
  • MX-21.2 was released on August 28, 2022. It is based on Debian 11.4 (Bullseye) and is available as Xfce, KDE, Xfce AHS[76], and Fluxbox versions. Further details are in the MX blog.
  • MX-21.2.1 was released on September 18, 2022. It is based on Debian 11.5 (Bullseye) and is available as Xfce, Xfce AHS[77], KDE, and Fluxbox versions. Includes Debian's recent Grub-PC updates.
  • MX-21.3 3rd refresh of MX-21, was released on January 14, 2023. Based on Debian 11.6 with bug fixes, new kernels, and many application updates. Available as Xfce (4.18), Xfce AHS[78], KDE, and Fluxbox versions. Further details are in the MX blog.
  • MX-23 was released on July 31, 2023. Based on Debian 12 with bug fixes, new kernels, and many application updates. Available as Xfce (4.18), Xfce AHS[79], KDE, and Fluxbox versions.
  • MX-23.1 was released on October 15, 2023. ISO refresh of the initial MX-23 release, consisting of bug fixes, newer kernels, and application updates.
  • MX-23.2 was released on January 21, 2024. 2nd ISO refresh of MX-23, consisting of Debian 12.4, bug fixes, newer kernels, updated firmware & mesa libraries, Pipewire 1.0, and two new tools MX Locale and papirus-folder-colors.
MX Linux Releases History
Version Relese date Based on
MX-23.3 20/05/2024 Debian 12.5
MX-23.2 21/01/2024 Debian 12.4
MX-23.1 15/10/2023 Debian 12.2
MX-23 31/07/2023 Debian 12
MX-21.3 15/01/2023 Debian 11
MX-21.2.1 18/09/2022 Debian 11
MX-21.2 28/08/2022 Debian 11
MX-21.1 09/04/2022 Debian 11
Mx-21 (AHS) 22/11/2021 Debian 11
Mx-21 21/10/2021 Debian 11
Mx-19.4.1 08/04/2021 Debian 10
Mx-19.4 31/03/2021 Debian 10
Mx-19.3 11/11/2020 Debian 10
Mx-19.2 KDE 16/08/2020 Debian 10
Mx-19.2 31/05/2020 Debian 10
MX-19.1 14/02/2020 Debian 10
MX-19 21/10/2019 Debian 10
MX-18.3 26/05/2019 Debian 9
MX-18.2 07/04/2019 Debian 9
MX-18.1 09/02/2019 Debian 9
MX-18 20/12/2018 Debian 9
MX-17.1 14/03/2018 Debian 8
MX-17 15/12/2017 Debian 8
MX-16.1 08/06/2017 Debian 8
MX-16 13/12/2016 Debian 8
MX-15 24/12/2015 Debian 8
MX-14.4 22/03/2015 Debian 7
MX-14.3 03/12/2014 Debian 7
MX-14.2 30/06/2014 Debian 7
MX-14.1.1 18/06/2014 Debian 7
MX-14 27/03/2014 (non-PAE) Debian 7
MX-14 24/03/2014 (PAE) Debian 7


Active MX Linux-based distributions
  1. AV Linux: AV Linux is a GNU/Linux operating system based on MX Linux from AV Linux 2020.11.23 version (before was only based on Debian GNU/Linux), specifically designed to cater to the needs of multimedia content creators. It is tailored for compatibility with the i386 and x86-64 architectures and boasts a customized kernel optimized to deliver exceptional performance and low-latency audio production capabilities. Notably, AV Linux has received recognition as a recommended and supported GNU/Linux platform for Harrison Mixbus, a popular digital audio workstation software.
  2. Swift Linux (respin): Swift Linux is a lightweight, MX Linux-based distribution featuring the Xfce desktop environment. While Swift previously included forensic analysis and data recovery utilities, since version 16 the distribution has presented itself as MX Linux with alternative wallpaper.
  3. MilagrOS GNU/Linux (ex MinerOS, based on Ubuntu 18.04), is an unofficial edition (respin) of MX Linux, from 17.1 version, developed by Linux Post Install - Tic Tac Project Administrator. It comes with extreme customization and optimization, use of SysV instead of Systemd, preservation of kernel level support for computers with older CPUs (32 Bit), and also for computers with modern CPUs (64 Bit).


Devuan GNU+Linux

Devuan GNU+Linux is based on Debian GNU/Linux, developed by Veteran UNIX Admins, but as a fork of Debian that uses sysvinit by default, but also is available openrc, runit, sinit, s6, or shepherd, without systemd, that allows users to reclaim control over their system by avoiding unnecessary entanglements and ensuring Init Freedom.

Name

The name is a portmanteau of Debian and VUA, the acronym for "Veteran UNIX Admins".

History

With the release of Debian 8, some developers and users felt alienated due to the project's adoption of systemd and subsequent removal of support for other existing init systems.

This decision prompted some Debian community members to start a fork of Debian without systemd.

Instead of continuing the Debian practice of using Toy Story character names as release codenames, Devuan aliases its releases using planet names. The first stable release shared the Debian 8 codename Jessie. However, the Devuan release was named for minor planet 10464.

  • The first stable release of Devuan was published on 25/05/2017.
  • Devuan 2.0.0 ASCII was released on June 9, 2018, and 2.1 ASCII was released on November 21, 2019. ASCII provides a choice of five different desktop environments at install time (XFCE, Cinnamon, KDE, LXQt, MATE), while many other window managers are available from the repositories. It also provides installation options for choosing between sysvinit and OpenRC for init, and between GRUB and LILO for the boot loader. Devuan maintains a modified version of the Debian expert text installer, which has the ability to install only free software if the user chooses, while the live desktop image also uses a custom graphical installer from Refracta, a derivative of Devuan.
  • Devuan 3.0 Beowulf was released on 03/06/2020, based on Debian 10.4. Ppc64el has been added to the list of supported architectures. Runit is now available as an alternative init. Eudev and elogind are now used to replace some Systemd functionality.
  • Devuan 4.0 Chimaera was released on October 14, 2021. It is based on Debian Bullseye (11.1) with Linux kernel 5.10.
  • Devuan 5.0 Daedalus was released on August 15, 2023. It is based on Debian Bookworm (12.1) with Linux kernel 6.1.
  • The current testing suite with code name Excalibur is planned for 2025+. It is based on Debian Trixie (13) with Linux kernel 6.4.
Devuan GNU+Linux Releases History
Version
Codename 		Codebase Release date
1
Jessie 		Debian 8 25/05/2017
2
ASCII 		Debian 9 09/06/2018
3
Beowulf 		Debian 10 03/06/2020
4
Chimaera 		Debian 11 14/10/2021
5
Daedalus 		Debian 12 15/08/2023
6
Excalibur 		Debian 13 -
7
Freia 		Debian 14 -
unstable
Ceres 		Debian "Sid" Rolling release
Active Devuan GNU+Linux based distributions
  1. CROWZ, formerly Zephyr, is a GNU/Linux distribution based on Devuan 5.0.1 Daedalus release., with Fluxbox as a stacking window manager by default, and JWM or Openbox as an alternative window manager.
  2. Dynebolic
  3. EterTICs GNU/Linux
  4. Exe GNU/Linux, is a GNU/Linux distribution based on Devuan with Trinity Desktop Environment. Initially based on Debian. In late 2017, the distribution re-based itself on Devuan, using the official Devuan repositories.
  5. FluXuan Linux, is a GNU/Linux distribution based on Devuan
  6. Gnuinos, is a GNU/Linux distribution based on Devuan
  7. Peppermint OS, is a GNU/Linux distribution based on Debian & Devuan since version 2022-02-02. Previously based on Lubuntu.
  8. PsychOS Linux, is a GNU/Linux distribution based on Devuan ASCII but tailored towards retrophiles of all ages. It is packed with software and scripts for an easier, out-of-the-box user experience, with the following Desktop Environments: XFCE, IceWM, or Kodi.
  9. Ufficio Zero: Is a GNU/Linux distribution in Italian based on Linux Mint, Linux Mint Debian Edition, PCLinuxOS and Devuan, depending on the version. Office Zero Linux codename Portofino for pc with 32bit processors, based on Devuan 4 Chimaera and with Mate desktop manager.
  10. Refracta
  11. Star: Star is a desktop-oriented Linux distribution based on Devuan GNU+Linux. Star is available in a range of editions, each featuring a lightweight desktop environment. Star is small enough to fit on a CD and uses SysV init software.
  12. Vendefoul Wolf Linux is a GNU/Linux respin/distribution based on Devuan 5, using SysVinit by default. It's ready to work at the first time (printer, bluetooth,...) and consuming just enough. No telemetry. With a selection of software to be able to work from the first moment after starting the computer. In a friendly environment and designed for newcomers, even coming from Windows. Perfect to migrate from any other ecosystem. It is ideal for use as a persistent and rescue LiveUSB. It is also possible to use it as a main and installed Operating system. The installation is done with Calamares in very easy steps.


EterTICs GNU/Linux

EterTICs GNU/Linux (abbreviated GET, formerly GNU/EterTICs), is a GNU/Linux distribution, developed by Javier Obregón & Libera Tu Radio, thought for use in community radios, which does not include proprietary software, that since version 3 is distributed as free software.

It was the first distribution designed and developed with community radio stations in mind and integrates all the software that a radio station of these characteristics needs for its transmission. The development is 100% Latin American and is headed by the Argentine Javier Obregón from Posadas.

Until version 7 EterTICs GNU/Linux was derived from Debian but in version 8 the development team decided to change to Devuan.

Although in version 9 GET was released in two versions, one derived from Devuan and the other from Debian.

Since version 10 Kuntur, GET is only released in a version derived from Devuan.

History

EterTICs GNU/Linux began to be imagined in 2006 when the community radio FM El Libertador de Posadas considered migrating to a free operating system but could not find a suitable distribution for radios. The idea matured over several years until in 2011, in a workshop at FM San Pedro in the province of Santiago del Estero, Argentina, it was agreed to "put together a distribution that would address the shortcomings of rural radio stations".

  • The first versions of GET (v1, v2 and v2.5) were developed within the LiberTICs cooperative between 2009 and 2013 as private software expressly for FM El Libertador radio.

When the cooperative was dissolved Javier Obregón published version 3 in June 2014. This moment coincides with the birth of the Liberaturadio that joins the development of GET and spreads it among its affiliated radios. The distribution was presented at the two International Meetings held by the Network in Cochabamba (2015)567 and Quito (2016).

GET has also been disseminated in workshops of the Network of Communicators of MERCOSUR9 and in different events in Mexico, El Salvador, Venezuela, Argentina or in radios of the Spanish state.

The distribution is translated into Portuguese and has also been promoted in different community media networks in Brazil. ---

Name

This distribution can be found on the Internet under different names, on the one hand it is referred to as GNU/EterTICs, abbreviated as GET, but it also appears as EterTICs GNU/Linux. As Javier Obregón, developer of the distribution, explains:

"The distribution was originally born with the name GNU/EterTICs but during the development of version 4, crossing mail with Richard Stallman commenting on the initiative, he suggested me to change the name to EterTICs GNU/Linux and thus give the idea we were originally looking for, which is EterTICs is a distribution based on the GNU Operating System and the Linux kernel and as initially the acronym was GET it was already fond of the community to call it that way, shorter to our EterTICs GNU/Linux."

-Javier Obregón, developer of EterTICs GNU/Linux

Features
  • Audio editors: Ardour, Audacity
  • Audio players: Audacious, VLC
  • Automators: Rivendell (removed due to repository issues in version 9), Raboms, GRadio
  • Streaming: Butt, Icecast, Mixxx
  • Other sound applications: converters, gain balancers, DVD/CD ripper, metatag editors. It also incorporates the suite of audio connection management tools developed by KXStudio, including Cadence, Catia or Claudia among others.
  • GET comes with the free kernel liquorix to extend compatibility with new hardware.
  • With more than 3G of RAM, the Calamares installer can be used.
  • With less than 3G RAM, the Debian installer can be used from the boot menu at boot time.
  • XFCE is the default desktop environment.

The developers of GET make it very clear on their web site why they do not include other types of programs in this distribution:

"It should be clarified that EterTICs is a distribution derived from Devuan under GNU GPL license that DOES NOT INCLUDE NOR WILL INCLUDE by default components that violate the freedom of users from the paradigm of Freedom proposed by the FSF, if the radio needs, this or that proprietary component is free to install it under their responsibility, but WE DO NOT ENCOURAGE its use."

EterTICs GNU/Linux Releases History
Version Code name Release date
1 - Private
2 - Private
3 - Jun/2014
4 - Nov/2014
5 Crazy Apr/2015
6 Mezcal Aug/2015
7 Pájaro Azul Apr/2016
8 Integración Oct/2016
9 Fenix Oct/2018
10 Kuntur (Condor in Quechua) Apr/2019
11 Turpial Sep/2020
12 Yetapá Feb/2022


Discontinued Devuan GNU+Linux based distributions
  1. Simplicity Linux
  2. heads
  3. VenenuX or VeGNUli (Venezolana GNU/Linux): VenenuX is a venezuelan desktop distribution based on Debian GNU/Linux. It adheres strictly to the principles of free software as defined by the Free Software Foundation. Venenux its the firts latinoamerican GNU/Linux distribution and was primary focused in multimedia. VenenuX its the most light current linux that works in any older hardware but with modern style, does not limit the desktop behaviour. Old version: https://sourceforge.net/projects/venenux/ . Current version: https://sourceforge.net/projects/vegnuli/


Dynebolic

Dynebolic (also spelt as dynebolic, Dyne:bolic or dyne:bolic), is a LiveCD GNU/Linux distribution is developed by Dyne.org Foundation (founder and and maintainer by Denis Roio), running from a CD and able to recognise most devices and peripherals: sound, video, TV, network cards, firewire, USB devices and more.

It is shaped on the needs of media activists, artists and creative individuals, a practical tool for multimedia production. dyne:bolic is intended to be used as Live CD/DVD and it does not require installation to a hard drive.

It is designed to work with old and slow computers, and its kernel is optimized for low latency and for performance.

The first version was released in March 2005.

The project was dormant for about ten years, but has become active once more.

Releases

Initially (1.x and 2.x versions, and used Window Maker and Xfce desktops) was an Independent GNU/Linux distribution.

  • The version 3.0 was based on Ubuntu 9.10 (with Gnome 2 as its default desktop environment, and released in September 2011)
  • From version 4.0, is based on Devuan


Deepin

Deepin (deepin; formerly Linux Deepin and Hiweed Linux) is a chinese GNU/Linux distribution developed by Wuhan Deepin Technology Co., a wholly owned subsidiary of UnionTech, that it features the Deepin Desktop Environment (DDE). and is oriented to the average user, with a strong focus on ease of use and improving the user experience. It is focused on "providing an elegant, user-friendly, stable and secure operating system."

The Deepin userbase is predominantly Chinese, though DDE is in most prominent GNU/Linux distributions' repositories as an alternative desktop environment.

The package management system is Deepin Package Installer (compatible con .deb from Debian).

  • Since version 15, 2015 is based on Debian, before was based on Ubuntu.
History

The distribution began in 2004 as Hiweed Linux.

In 2011, the development team behind Deepin established a company named Deepin Technology to support commercial development of the operating system. The company received business investments the same year it was founded.

  • Deepin Technology joined the Linux Foundation in 2015.

In 2019, Huawei started to ship Linux laptops pre-installed with Deepin.

The South China Morning Post reported that Chinese microprocessor company Loongson created a partnership in 2020 with UnionTech and Sunway to develop and promote the Deepin operating system in order to reduce Chinese dependency on Microsoft Windows.

In 2022 Deepin introduced a new package manager called linglong.

Overview

Deepin includes a mix of open source and proprietary programs such as Google Chrome, Spotify and Steam. It also includes a software suite of applications developed by Deepin Technology, as well as WPS Office, 360 Security Guard, CodeWeavers' CrossOver and many others.

The development of Deepin is led by China-based Deepin Technology Co., Ltd. The company generates revenue through the sale of technical support and other services related to it.

As of 1 January 2020, Deepin Technology is a wholly owned subsidiary of UnionTech.

The release cycle has followed various schedules but currently aims at four releases per year. Releases are delayed if the work of development and testing has not been completed.

The distribution is widely praised for its aesthetics in various reviews, while it has also been criticized for various perceived breaches in user privacy.

Deepin Installer

Deepin comes with an installer named "Deepin Installer" that was created by Deepin Technology. The Installer was praised by Swapnil Bhartiya writing for linux.com as having "the simplest installation procedure" that was also "quite pleasant." Writing for Forbes, Jason Evangelho complained about the installer requiring the user to select their location from a world map, though concluded by saying, "Aside from my little time zone selection pet peeve, the installer is beautiful, brisk and very intuitive."

Deepin Releases History
VersiOn Release date Desktop environment Base distribution
Hiwix 0.1 28/02/2004 IceWM Morphix
Hiweed Linux 0.2 03/03/2004
Hiweed Linux 0.3 22/07/2004 XFCE Debian
Hiweed Linux 0.55 25/09/2004
Hiweed Linux 0.6 24/02/2005
Hiweed Linux 1.0 25/09/2006 Ubuntu
Hiweed Linux 2.0 17/11/2008 LXDE
Linux Deepin 9.12 30/12/2009 GNOME 2
Linux Deepin 10.06 20/07/2010
Linux Deepin 10.12 31/03/2010
Linux Deepin 11.06 04/07/2011
Linux Deepin 11.12 30/12/2011 GNOME 3
Linux Deepin 11.12.1 29/02/2012
Linux Deepin 12.06 17/07/2012
Linux Deepin 12.12 19/06/2013 Deepin Desktop Environment (DDE) 1
Linux Deepin 12.12.1 07/08/2013
Linux Deepin 2013 28/11/2013
Deepin 2014 06/07/2014 Deepin Desktop Environment (DDE) 2
Deepin 2014.1 28/08/2014
Deepin 2014.2 31/12/2014
Deepin 2014.3 28/04/2015
deepin 15 31/12/2015 Deepin Desktop Environment (DDE) 3 Debian 9 (Stretch)
deepin 15.1 29/01/2016
deepin 15.1.1 09/03/2016
deepin 15.2 01/06/2016
deepin 15.3 15/07/2016
deepin 15.4 19/04/2017
deepin 15.4.1 30/06/2017 (RC)
20/07/2017 (CD)
deepin 15.5 30//11/2017
deepin 15.6 16/06/2018
deepin 15.7 20/08/2018
deepin 15.8 20/11/2018
deepin 15.8.1 Dec/2018
deepin 15.8.2 At some point 2019
deepin 15.8.3 At some point 2019
deepin 15.8.4 At some point 2019
deepin 15.9 16/01/2019
deepin 15.10 28/04/2019
deepin 15.10.1 17/05/2019
deepin 15.10.2 01/07/2019
deepin 15.11 19/07/2019
deepin 20 11/09/2020 Deepin Desktop Environment (DDE) 4 Debian 10 (Buster)
deepin 20.1 28/12/2020
deepin 20.2 31/03/2021
deepin 20.2.1 13/05/2021
deepin 20.2.2 29/07/2021
deepin 20.2.3 16/08/2021
deepin 20.2.4 29/09/2021
deepin 20.3 23/11/2021
deepin 20.4 18/01/2022
deepin 20.5 30/03/2022
deepin 20.6 31/05/2022
deepin 20.7 05/12/2022
deepin 20.8 09/12/2022
deepin 20.9 19/04/2023 Debian 11 (Bullseye)
Active Deepin based distributions
  1. Unity Operating System (UOS, UnionTech OS)
  2. ExTiX


Unity Operating System

Unity Operating System, UOS, Tongxin OS, UnionTech OS, Unified Operating System, 统一操作系统 is a commercial chinese GNU/Linux distribution developed by UnionTech (统信软件, Tǒngxìn) based on Deepin. Is voluntarily initiated and co-created by a number of core chinese operating system companies, including China Electronics Group, Wuhan Shenzhidu Science and Technology Co. Ltd, Nanjing Chengmai Science and Technology, and ZTE New Pivot, in 2019, with UOS as its current codename.

UOS is characterized by a unified release channel, application store, UI, kernel, documentation and development interface, and adopts an open source community approach to attract common support from upstream and downstream industry chains.

It is used in China as part of a government initiative beginning in 2019 to replace foreign-made software such as Microsoft Windows with domestic products.

The distribution is dedicated to providing users around the world with beautiful, easy-to-use, safe and reliable experience.

  • A first beta version was released in December 2019.
  • A first stable version was released on 14/01/2020.
Development

Five versions are currently under development:

  • Home Desktop
  • Desktop Professional
  • Server Enterprise
  • Server Military
  • Education
History
  • May/2019: The Unified Operating System Preparatory Group was established and a cooperation agreement was signed.
  • July/2019: The joint technology R&D team was formally established, and hundreds of R&D teams were organized in Wuhan, Nanjing, and Beijing to start R&D work.
  • 15/10/2019: The preparatory team released the alpha test version of UOS for five platforms, namely Huawei, Longxin, Feiteng, Zhaoshen, and Haikuang.
  • 10/11/2019: Alpha2 version is released, which is an adaptable test version developed for security vendors and application vendors;
  • 15/12/2019: RC version is released, the code is frozen and enters the program bug fixing phase before the official version is released.
  • 14/01/2020: Official version released to partners.
  • 03/03/2020: The preparatory team officially announces support for the Schenevus platform.
Support

The operating system is primarily aimed at the chinese market and is intended to replace Microsoft Windows in the country by 2022, also known as "3-5-2 policy". So far, the focus has therefore been primarily on in house hardware such as that from the semiconductor company Zhaoxin. The whole KX-6000 series is already supported by the desktop version as well as the KH-30000 series for server version.

It was reported on 23/07/2022 that the operating system could support HarmonyOS app file format, hap .app.

UOS supports platforms such as:

  • x86-64 (AMD64)
  • ARM64
  • Sunway (ShenWei, 神威, sw_64).
  • MIPS64el
  • Loongarch64: Loongson 3A3000 series, Loongson 3B3000 series, 3A4000 series, and Loongson 3B4000 series.
Unity Operating System (UOS) Releases History
Type Release
Architecture 		Release Date
UOS 20
Desktop Professional 1010
amd64, arm64, mips64el, sw_64 		15/05/2020
Desktop Professional v20-SP1
amd64, arm64, mips64el 		15/05/2020
Server UOS 20
amd64, arm64, mips64el, sw_64 		15/05/2020
Desktop Professional v20-SP1
sw_64 		05/06/2020
Desktop Professional 1011
amd64, arm64, mips64el 		12/06/2020
Server Enterprise 1020
amd64, arm64, mips64el 		21/07/2020
Desktop Professional 1020
amd64, arm64, mips64el 		21/07/2020
Desktop Professional 1021
amd64, arm64, mips64el 		12/08/2020
Server Enterprise 1021
amd64, arm64, mips64el 		23/09/2020
Desktop Professional 1022
amd64, arm64, mips64el 		28/09/2020
Server Enterprise 1030
amd64, arm64, mips64el 		20/11/2020
Desktop Professional 1030
amd64, arm64, mips64el, fix-amd64, fix-arm64, fix-misp64el 		09/12/2020
Desktop Professional 1030
fix-amd64, fix-arm64, fix-misp64el 		14/12/2020
Desktop Professional 1031
amd64, arm64, mips64el 		27/01/2021
Education 1031
amd64 tongfang 		20/04/2021
Desktop Professional 1032
amd64, arm64, mips64el 		10/05/2021
Server UOS 20
amd64, arm64, mips64el, sw_64 		15/05/2020
Desktop Professional v20-SP1
amd64, arm64, mips64el 		15/05/2020
Desktop Professional v20-SP1
sw_64 		05/06/2020
Server 1000c
/amd64, arm64 		21/03/2021
Server 1020a
amd64, arm64 		20/05/2021
Desktop Professional 1040
amd64, arm64, mips64el 		19/07/2021
Server 1040d
amd64, arm64, mips64el 		19/07/2021
Desktop Professional 1040
fix-amd64, fix-arm64, fix-mips64el 		29/07/2021
Desktop Professional 1032
sw_64 		02/08/2021
Server 1020e
amd64, arm64 		02/08/2021
Server Enterprise 1030
sw_64 		10/08/2021
Home Dektop UOS 20
amd64 		26/08/2020
Desktop Professional 1041
amd64, arm64, mips64el 		15/09/2021
Server 1040d
sw_64 		19/08/2021
Server 1021a
amd64, arm64 		18/09/2021
Server Euler 1010
arm64 		29/09/2021
Server 1001c
amd64, arm64 		08/10/2021
Education 1040
amd64, arm64, amd64 kernel 4.19, mips64el 		18/10/2021
Server 1021e
amd64, arm64 		28/10/2021
Desktop Professional 1042
amd64, mips64el 		29/10/2021
Desktop Professional 1041
sw_64 		15/11/2021
Education 1040
amd64, amd64 kernel 4.19 		26/11/2021
Desktop Professional 1043
amd64, arm64, loongarch64, mips64el 		04/01/2022
Server 1002a
amd64, arm64 		06/01/2022
Education 1042
amd64, arm64, amd64 kernel 4.19, mips64el 		14/01/2022
Education 1043
loongarch64 		25/01/2022
Server 1040d
sw_64 		14/02/2022
Server 1050d
amd64, arm64 		23/02/2022
Server 1050a
loongarch64 		01/03/2022
Dekstop Server 1043
sw_64 		07/03/2022
Server 1050e
amd64, arm64 		11/03/2022
Server 1050a
amd64, arm64 		17/03/2022
Desktop Professional 1050
amd64, arm64, loongarch64, mips64el, 		25/03/2022
Desktop Professional 1050
sw_64 		01/04/2022
Education 1050
amd64, arm64, amd64 kernel 4.19 		13/05/2022
Education 1050
loongarch64, mips64el 		18/05/2022
Desktop Professional 1050u1
arm64, loongarch64, mips64el 		30/05/2022
Desktop Professional 1050
sw_64 		10/06/2022
Desktop Professional 1050u1
amd64, amd64 kernel 5.10 		27/06/2022
Server 1050u1
loongarch64 		06/08/2022
Server 1950u1a
amd64, arm64 		06/08/2022
Server 1951u1a
arm64 		06/08/2022
Server 1950u1e
aarm64 		08/08/2022
Desktop Professional 1050u2
amd64, amd64 kernel 5.10, arm64, loongarch64, mips64el 		17/08/2022
Desktop Professional 1050
sw_64 		31/08/2022
Desktop Home UOS 20
amd64 		01/09/2022
Desktop Home UOS 21.3.1
amd64 		01/09/2022
Server 1051u1e
amd64, arm64 		07/09/2022
Server 1050d
sw_64 		09/09/2022
Education 1050u2
amd64 		21/09/2022
Education 1050u3
amd64 kernel 4.19 		21/09/2022
Education 1050u4
amd64 kernel 5.10 		21/09/2022
Education 1050u5
loongarch64 		21/09/2022
Education 1050u6
mips64el 		21/09/2022
Desktop Professional 1050u3
arm64-HISILICON pgv 		25/10/2022
Desktop Professional 1050u3
arm64-HISILICON pgv 		17/11/2022
Desktop Professional 1050u3
sw_64 		05/12/2022
Server 1050a
amd64-UFU, arm64-UFU 		18/12/2022
Server 1050e
amd64-UFU 		18/12/2022
Server 1050e
arm64-UFU 		19/12/2022
Server 1050u3
amd64 		21/12/2022
Server 1050u4
arm64 		21/12/2022
Server 1050u5
amd64 		21/12/2022
Server 1050u6
arm64 		21/12/2022
Server 1050u2
loongarch64 		22/12/2022
Desktop Home 22.0
amd64 kernel 5.10, amd64-env kernel 5.10 		03/01/2023
Desktop Professional 1050u3
sm_64 		12/01/2023
Desktop Professional 1050u4
arm64-HISILICON klv, arm64-HISILICON pgv 		14/03/2023
Desktop Professional 1042
arm64 		15/03/2023
Desktop Professional 1050u3
amd64, arm64, loongarch64, mips64el-fix, mips64el 		15/03/2023
Desktop Professional 1050u4
amd64-HISILICON klu 		15/03/2023
Server 1050d
sw_64 		28/03/2023
Desktop Professional 1050u5
amr64-HISILICON W515-L410 		02/06/2023
Desktop Professional 1060a
amd64, amr64 		06/06/2023
Desktop Professional 1060e
amd64, amr64 		06/06/2023
Server 1060
loongarch64 		07/06/2023
Desktop Professional 1050u5
amr64 W525 		08/06/2023
Desktop Professional 1060
loongarch64, sw_64, arm64 L420, amr64-HISILICON W525-L420, arm64-HISILICON W525 		04/07/2023
Desktop Professional 1060
amd64, arm64 		06/07/2023
Education 1050u5
arm64 L420, arm64 W515-L410, arm64 W525 		03/08/2023
Education 1050u5
arm64 L420 kwm, arm64 W515-L420 kwm 		07/08/2023
Desktop Professional 1060u1
amd64, arm64, loongarch64, arm64 HISILICON W515-L410-W585, arm64 HISILICON L410-L540 		22/09/2023
Education HWE UOS 20 1060
amd64 		07/10/2023
Education UOS Desktop 20 e 1060
amd64, arm64, loongarch64 		24/08/2023
Education 1060
amd64, arm64 		16/11/2023
Desktop Professional 1060u2
arm64-HISILICON W515-L410-W585, arm64-HISILICON W525 		07/12/2023
Education 1050u4
arm64 W515 kwm 		12/12/2023
Education 1060<br /loongarch64 13/12/2023
Desktop Professional 1060u5
amd64 		28/12/2023
Education 1060
arm64 L420-L540, arm64 W515-L410-W585, arm64 W525 		28/12/2023
Desktop Professional HWE 1050u3
amd64 		19/03/2024
Desktop Professional HWE 1060
amd64 		19/03/2024
Desktop Professional 1060u3
loongarch64-fix 		15/04/2024
Desktop Professional 1050u5
mips64el-fix 		16/04/2024
Desktop Professional 1060u2
arm64-HISILICON L410-L540 		16/04/2024
Desktop Professional 1060u3
amd64-fix, arm64-fix, sw_64-fix, arm64-HISILICON L410-L540, arm64-HISILICON W515-L410-W585, arm64-HISILICON W525 		16/04/2024
Server Military 1070
loongarch64 		25/04/2024
Education HWE 1070
amd64 		10/05/2024
Desktop Professional HWE 1070
amd64 		10/05/2024
Server 1070
loongarch64, sw_64 		10/05/2024
Server Military 1070
amd64,arm64, sw_64 		10/05/2024
Server 1070a
amd64, arm64 		10/05/2024
Server 1070e
amd64, arm64 		10/05/2024


ExTiX

ExTiX was based on Ubuntu until 22.12 version. Since ExTiX 23.4 is based on Deepin. ExTiX is a LiveDVD featuring a custom GNOME 3 desktop environment.


Peppermint OS

Peppermint OS is a GNU/Linux distribution based on Debian and Devuan Stable, and formerly based on Ubuntu/Lubuntu that aims to provide a familiar environment for newcomers to Linux, which requires relatively low hardware resources to run. Peppermint OS is a bare-bones OS, with no firewall, browser, office or media player.

Peppermint ships with the desktop environment Xfce with the thunar file manager set as default. The distribution once employed a hybrid LXDE/Xfce desktop environment, mixing LXDE's lxsession with Xfce's panel and application menu. Peppermint comes with nearly nothing installed other than, the core packages needed to run the system and you have the choice to which packages should best fit your build.

By employing its Site Specific Browser, Peppermint integrates seamlessly with cloud and web-based applications.

The distribution's other features include straight forward updates and easy step-by-step installation using the Calamares installer.

Starting in 2022, Peppermint OS shifted to using the Xfce desktop, dropping the LXDE components.

History

Peppermint OS was initially conceived at the Black Rose Pub in Hendersonville, North Carolina, USA, during a night of drinking and discussion about the future of desktop Linux. It was originally designed to be a social media-centric distribution.

Pre-alpha development builds consisted of a wide array of potential directions before the decision to fork Lubuntu was made. There was quite a bit of experimentation with KDE, E17, Adobe Air, and several different code bases during January and February 2010. Alpha builds using the Lubuntu 10.04 code base started in March 2010.

  • Peppermint was released to a small group of private beta testers in April 2010 until its first public release.
  • On May 9, 2010, Peppermint One was released. In less than a week, it received over 25,000 downloads. It soon outgrew its web host and switched to VPS.NET. VPS.NET became the project's first official sponsor.
  • On June 20, 2010, Peppermint Ice was released with Chromium as the default browser, and featuring a blue and black theme to distinguish it from Peppermint One.
  • On June 10, 2011, Peppermint Two was released. Combining aspects from the two previous editions, it packaged Chromium as its default browser alongside the Ice application for creating Site Specific Browsers. It was also the first edition of Peppermint to be available in both 32 and 64 bit versions.
  • On July 23, 2012, Peppermint Three was released. Chromium stable repository was enabled by default; very light theme and default artwork; fewer default web applications in the menu; it shipped with GWoffice; and GIMP 2.8 was added to the Peppermint repository.
  • On June 13, 2013, Peppermint Four was released. Peppermint Four was based on the Ubuntu 13.04 code base and used the LXDE desktop environment, but with Xfwm4 instead of Openbox as the window manager. Example games, Entanglement and First Person Tetris, were added. Also added were some metapackages for popular tasks such as graphic arts and photography to the Featured section of the Software Manager.
  • On June 23, 2014, Peppermint Five was released. "With this release we are getting ready for the future. The technology landscape is constantly changing, and we are always responding to meet our user's needs. We are 100% driven to deliver an OS that is fast, secure, and available everywhere. Peppermint Five is another step in that direction." - Shane Remington - COO of Peppermint OS, LLC
  • On May 31, 2015, Peppermint Six was released. "Peppermint is excited to announce the launch of our latest operating system, Peppermint Six. Lightweight and designed for speed, Peppermint Six delivers on that promise whether using software on your desktop, online, or using cloud based apps. I want to take this opportunity to thank Mark Greaves, who stepped up and produced most of what you see here in Peppermint Six. Mark is now playing a major role here at Peppermint by leading the development team. I think you will be impressed by what he and the others have put together in Peppermint Six." - Shane Remington - COO of Peppermint OS, LLC.
  • On June 24, 2016, Peppermint Seven was released. "Team Peppermint are pleased to announce our latest operating system Peppermint 7, it comes in both 32bit and 64bit editions with the latter having full UEFI/GPT/Secure Boot support baked in, a new version of Ice (our in house Site Specific Browser framework) is also included with full Firefox web browser support as well as Chromium / Chrome." - Mark Greaves (PCNetSpec) - Development Team Leader & Support Admin.
  • On January 14, 2020, Peppermint CEO Mark Greaves (PCNetSpec) died in hospital. After taking over Peppermint from Shane Remington and Kendall Weaver shortly after Peppermint 5, Mark devoted his life to Peppermint with his family's support and went on to release more versions of Peppermint up to Peppermint 10 and a respin of Peppermint 10. The official announcement was made on the Peppermint forum and a memorial fund has been set up by his family to honour Mark's legacy.
  • On February 2, 2022, PeppermintOS released a new version for the first time in two years. Its main new features and changes include:
  • Peppermint is now based on Debian Stable 64-bit, instead of Ubuntu or its derivative.
  • Dropped LXDE components in favor of Xfce.
  • Nemo is side by side with Thunar and Nemo as the default file manager.
  • No web browser is installed, a browser can be installed using Welcome to Peppermint application.
  • Ubiquity has been replaced by Calamares for the system installer.
Name

Peppermint's namesake is Linux Mint. The developers originally wanted to make use of configuration and utilities sourced from Linux Mint coupled with an environment that was less demanding on resources and more focused on web integration. They felt that the concept was a "spicier" version of Mint, so the name Peppermint was a natural fit.

While Linux Mint is known for its Cinnamon desktop environment, Peppermint uses a default desktop that is a hybrid based mainly on selected components from LXDE and XFCE that is significantly more lightweight.

Peppermint has consistently released updates on a decent cadence since at least 2010, when it was first released.

PeppermintOS Releases History
Version Date Based-on
One 09/05/2010 Lubuntu 10.04
Ice 20/07/2010 Lubuntu 10.04
Two 10/06/2011 Lubuntu 11.04
Three 23/07/2012 Lubuntu 12.04
Four 13/06/2013 Ubuntu 13.04
Five 23/06/2014 Ubuntu 14.04 LTS
Six 31/05/2015 Ubuntu 14.04.2
Seven 24/06/2016 Ubuntu 16.04 LTS
Eight 28/05/2017 Ubuntu 16.04 LTS
9 22/06/2018 Ubuntu 18.04 LTS
10 (PCNetSpec) 14/05/2019 Ubuntu 18.04 LTS
2022-02-02 02/02/2022 Debian 11 Stable 64-bit


PureOS

PureOS is a GNU/Linux distribution based on Debian GNU/Linux, focusing on privacy and security, using the GNOME or KDE Plasma desktop environment. It is maintained by Purism for use in the company's Librem laptop computers as well as the Librem 5 smartphone.

PureOS is designed to include only free software, and is included in the list of Free Linux distributions published by the Free Software Foundation.

PureOS is a Debian-based Linux distribution, merging open-source software packages from the Debian “testing” main archive using a hybrid point release and rolling release model.

It is a desktop distribution that can be used as live media (CD or USB) or as full-featured operating systems installed on a hard disk.

PureOS uses free and open source software exclusively and is endorsed by the Free Software Foundation.

  • The default browser in PureOS is PureBrowser (before it was GNOME Web), a privacy-based variant of Firefox.
  • The default search engine in PureBrowser is DuckDuckGo.
Active PureOS-based distributions
  1. Uruk GNU/Linux-libre: Is a GNU/Linux distribution, former based on Trisquel GNU/Linux, which uses Linux-libre kernel for the system and MATE and Cinnamon desktop environments for its graphical interfaces. The name Uruk is an Iraqi city that states its Iraqi origin. One of the special features of Uruk is the ability to run various types of package managers at ease (including GNU Guix, urpmi, pacman, dnf). It implements simple one-line command to do that, that use a program named Package Managers Simulator to simulate the commands of popular package managers. Uruk GNU/Linux 1.0 was released on 13/04/2016.


Pardus

Pardus is a GNU/Linux distribution developed with support from the government of Turkey. Pardus's main focus is office-related work including use in Turkish government agencies.

Despite that, Pardus ships in several languages. Its ease of use and availability free of charge has spawned numerous communities throughout the world.

Pardus was started by Turkish National Research Institute of Electronics and Cryptology (UEKAE), a division of the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TÜBİTAK), in 2003.

  • The current version is based on Debian unstable, following a release process similar to that of Ubuntu.

What differentiated it from other distros is that Pardus was a mother/independet GNU/Linux distribution, which means that it was not based on another distribution.

It is worth mentioning, however, that it started its development as a Gentoo-based distribution, until it abandoned Portage and created its own package system. Its package management system was called PiSi (Packages Installed Successfully as Intended).

Finalization and rebirth
  • In January 2012 TÜBİTAK announced the abandonment of the distribution, and in the second half of 2012 TUBITAK/UEKAE abandoned the project and it was completely paralyzed for a few months, so the community created the Anka project in order to keep its development alive.
  • From 2013 Pardus Linux reappears, but this time adopting Debian as the base system and its package management system dpkg / apt-get and the .deb package format.
Pardus Releases History
Version Date Notes
Live CD 1.0 2005-02-04 Live CD-only fork of Gentoo
Live CD 1.1 2005-05-05 Minor update.
1.0 2005-12-26 1st release that could be installed on hard drives.
It included KDE 3.5.0, and
PİSİ package management system.
2007 2006-12-18 With KDE 3.5.5
2007.1 2007-03-16 with KDE 3.5.6
2007.2 2007-07-12 With KDE 3.5.7
2007.3 2007-11-19 Included Linux kernel 2.6.18.8. COMAR (Configuration Manager for Pardus) is the configuration manager developed in-house, and Tasma is the custom KDE 3 system configuration tool.
2008 2008-06-27 With KDE 3.5.9
2008.1 2008-09-13 With KDE 3.5.10
2008.2 2009-01-29 With KDE 3.5.10
2009 2009-07-18 With KDE 4.2.4
2009.1 2010-01-14 With KDE4.3.4
2009.2 2010-06-02 With KDE 4.4.4
2011 2011-01-19 With the latest KDE Software Compilation, KDE SC 4.5.5.
2011.1 2011-07-13 With KDE 4.6.5
2011.2 2011-09-20 Last release using PiSi package management system.
2013 2013-02- 1st release based on Debian repository.
TÜBİTAK-ULAKBİM announced that Pardus moved to Debian and will be a Debian-based distribution moving forward. KDE and GNOME (both 32 & 64 bits).
17.0 2017-07-06
17.1 2017-11-04 The new release offers 3 separate ISO images with distinct names that indicate the purpose - Xfce, DDE (Deepin Desktop Environment) and Server.
17.2 2018-03-06 LibreOffice updated to 6.0.1 version, fixing the navigation rectangle in Menu not following cursor, updated XFCE apps, fixed incorrect Turkish in XFCE apps, including package updates and security patches.
17.3 2018-11-01 Xfce, DDE (Deepin Desktop Environment) and Server.
17.4 2018-11-02 Xfce, DDE (Deepin Desktop Environment) and Server.
17.5 2019-03-04 With Xfce, DDE (Deepin Desktop Environment) and LTS Server.
19.0 2019-08-03 With Xfce and GNOME. TLP is configured to provide better battery life.
19.1 2019-11-20 With Xfce and GNOME
19.2 2020-03-03 With Xfce and GNOME
19.3 2020-07-03 With Xfce and GNOME
19.4 2020-11-04 With Xfce and GNOME
19.5 2021-03-03 With Xfce and GNOME
21.0 2021-08-21 LibreOffice 7.0.4, Firefox ESR 78.13, VLC 3.0.16, OpenJDK 17 Java RE, Thunderbird 78.13. Xfce 4.16 is used as default desktop environment.
21.1 2021-12-21 LibreOffice latest, Firefox ESR 91.4.
21.2 2022-03-29 Firefox ESR 91.7, Thunderbird replaced by Evolution.
21.3 2022-07-21 Firefox ESR 91.11, VLC 3.0.17.
21.4 2022-12-27 Firefox ESR 102.6, VLC 3.0.18.
21.5 2023-05-05 LibreOffice latest, Firefox ESR 102.10.
23.0 2023-08-30 With Xfce and GNOME
23.1 Q1, 2024
23.2 Q2, 2024 With Xfce and GNOME
23.3 Q3, 2024 With Xfce and GNOME
23.4 Q4, 2024 With Xfce and GNOME
23.5 H1, 2025 With Xfce and GNOME
25.0 H2, 2025 With Xfce and GNOME


Active Pardus-based distribucions
  1. Pisi Linux


Pisi Linux

Pisi Linux is GNU/Linux distribution, based on the Pardus 2011 version, developed by ANKA Team, which includes the PiSi package management system, developed by the free software community, providing great convenience to computer users in installation, configuration and use, and aiming to meet their major desktop needs.

Pisi Linux, which is under development by the Anka team, was released on July 10, 2015, version 1.2.

After version 1.2, which included more than 6000 updated packages, all packages were upgraded to new versions with version 2.1, which will bring major changes, and many errors were fixed, thus increasing the speed and stability of Pisi Linux.

History

After the abandonment of this distribution by TÜBITAK, a community has emerged to continue supporting new versions of Pardus. This community created the "Anka" (Phoenix) project.

Finally, with the adoption of Debian as the base system for building Pardus 20133, the community version of Pardus Anka was renamed Pisi Linux, since it still maintains the Pisi package system of its predecessor.

Currently, the PISI Linux developer group is in the build phase of its distribution, with an ISO image already available for downloading and burning, although still in Alpha version.

Features
  • It is an end-user focused distribution.
  • It aims to provide its users with Linux experiences using as free and simple an interface as possible.
  • It aims to improve the designs it inherited from Pardus and to contribute to the free software world by ensuring the development of new designs.
  • There are no Server or Enterprise editions.
  • It only supports x64 build for now.
  • It uses a major version numbering of 1, 2, 3 and intermediate version numbering of 1.1, 1.2, 1.3.
  • It offers up-to-date and stable applications.
  • It carries out its work using free Internet services.
  • It comes with software tools that make it easier to use, such as YALI, Kaptan, and Manager.
  • It uses KDE as the main desktop environment.
  • Desktop environments such as MATE, Xfce, LXQt, which are in beta phase, can be installed from the repository.
  • It was inspired by the start bar and desktop layout to make it easy to switch from Windows or Mac versions.
  • Many applications such as YALI, PiSi, Package Manager are written in Python.
Pisi Linux Releases History
Version Nickname Release date
Pisi Linux 1.0 Beta 1 Sueño (Dream)
Pisi Linux 1.0 Beta 2 Sueño (Dream) 18.06.2013
Pisi Linux 1.0 Beta 3 Sueño (Dream) 25.06.2013
Pisi Linux 1.0 RC İzmir 20.09.2013
Pisi Linux 1.0 RCv2 Erdinç 17.03.2014
Pisi Linux 1.0 Kararlı 14.08.2014
Pisi Linux 1.1 Kararlı 04.11.2014
Pisi Linux 1.2 Kararlı 10.07.2015
Pisi Linux 1.2 (Xfce) Kararlı 22.09.2015
Pisi Linux 2.0 Alfa 7 Minimal Alpha 31.01.2016
Pisi Linux 2.0 Alfa 7 KDE 5 New Cat (Alfa) 17.01.2016
Pisi Linux 2.0 Beta 1 KDE 5 Beta 1
Pisi Linux 2.0 Beta 2 v5 KDE 5 Beta 2 v5 30.08.2016
Pisi Linux 2.0 RC KDE 5 Phoenix 05.04.2017
Pisi Linux 2.0 ATATÜRK 23.04.2018
Pisi Linux 2.1 ATA 23.11.2018
Pisi Linux 2.1.1 Felis Catus 28.02.2019
Pisi Linux 2.1.2 Mehmetçik 09.12.2019
Pisi Linux 2.2 KDE Crocus Ancyrensis (Ankara Crocus) 25/05/2022
Pisi Linux 2.2.1 Minimal 22/08/2022
Pisi Linux 2.3 KDE5 Nar 11/10/2022
Pisi Linux 2.3.2 KDE5 Nar 02/04/2023
Pisi Linux 2.3 LXDE 11/04/2023
Pisi Linux 2.3.3 KDE5 Nar 12/07/2023
Pisi Linux 2.3.4 KDE5 Nar 23/10/2023


Discontinued Debian GNU/Linux based distributions

  1. 2XOS (2X ThinClientOS), was a GNU/Linux distribution based on Debian with a small footprint, optimised for remote desktop computing. It features auto-detection capabilities similar to KNOPPIX. It boots directly to a login manager which, when coupled with the 2X Remote Application Server, redirects users to a remote RDP/ICA/NX desktop. The distribution can be booted via PXE, CD or installed to a hard disk or flash disk. Updates to the distribution are managed through the 2X Remote Application Server web interface. 2XOS requires 2X Remote Application Server to boot up; 2X Remote Application Server is a commercial product, though it is free for up to five thin clients. 2X Software is a company providing virtual desktop, application delivery and mobile device management solutions. It offers a range of solutions to make every organisation's shift to cloud computing simple and affordable.
  2. 64 Studio ​
  3. Adamantix
  4. Amber Linux
  5. Ångström
  6. ANTEMIUM Linux
  7. Aptosid, ex sidux
  8. AGNULA
  9. Aquamorph
  10. ArcheOS, (versions 1.x based on PCLinuxOS, versions 2 and 3 based on Kubuntu. Since version 4 based on Debian
  11. Arabbix
  12. ASLinux
  13. AtlasX: Was a dutch desktop GNU/Linux distribution featuring the latest Enlightenment 17 desktop running on top of the latest stable release of Debian GNU/Linux. The LiveDVD system features the Enlightenment window manager as a default desktop, and GNOME desktop environment of your choice. The last version (1.0) was released on 10/04/2012.
  14. Bayanihan Linux, (based on Debian; earlier versions (3.1 and earlier) were based on Fedora Core and Red Hat Linux)
  15. BeatrIX
  16. BitKey
  17. BlackRhino GNU/Linux​
  18. BlankOn
  19. Bluewall GNU/Linux
  20. BRLix GNU/Linux, (ex Famelix GNU/Linux)
  21. BrlSpeak
  22. Bonzai Linux
  23. Càtix
  24. CensorNet
  25. Clu Linux Live
  26. Condres OS, (since 2022, formerly based on Arch Linux)
  27. College Linux
  28. Corel Linux
  29. CrunchBang Linux
  30. CrunchBang-Monara, based on Debian 8.5. Releases: Monara-x86_64.iso, 15/06/2015 and Monara-2-32.iso, 03/07/2016.
  31. Darkiban OS
  32. Debian-BR-CDD
  33. DebXPde
  34. DemoLinux
  35. DeveLinux
  36. Discreete Linux, (ex Ubuntu Privacy Remix o UPR)
  37. Dizinha Linux
  38. Doudoulinux
  39. DRBL, (Diskless Remote Boot in Linux)
  40. Dreamlinux
  41. DRBL Live
  42. Dzongkha Linux
  43. Dyne:bolic
  44. DuZeru
  45. Dzongkha Linux
  46. Eagle Linux
  47. Educanix
  48. Epidemic GNU/Linux
  49. ERPOSS
  50. Estrella Roja GNU Linux (ex Red Star GNU/Linux)
  51. ESware LinuX
  52. Euronode
  53. EusLinux
  54. ForLEx​
  55. GALPon MiniNo
  56. GenieOS
  57. Gibraltar Firewall
  58. gnUAMix
  59. GNUstep Live CD
  60. gnuLinEx
  61. gNewSense, (based on Debian, and before that on Ubuntu)
  62. Hamara
  63. HandyLinux
  64. Hymera
  65. ICABIAN
  66. IndLinux
  67. Inquisitor
  68. Insigne Linux
  69. Kademar Linux, (ex K-DEMar)​, (after version 5 based on Arch Linux)
  70. KarachiOS
  71. Knoppel
  72. Kwheezy
  73. Libranet GNU/Linux
  74. LIIS Linux
  75. Linedux
  76. LinEspa
  77. LinuxBBQ
  78. Linuxin GNU/Linux
  79. Liquid Lemur Linux, (based on Arch Linux, Ubuntu, Linux Mint, and finally Debian)
  80. Luinux
  81. Lykan-OS
  82. Local Area Security Linux (L.A.S.)
  83. Matriux
  84. Maui Linux
  85. MEPIS (SimplyMEPIS)
  86. Metamorphose Linux
  87. Munjoy Linux
  88. Muriqui Linux
  89. Musix GNU+Linux
  90. Myrinix
  91. Nature's Linux
  92. Olive
  93. Oralux
  94. OS Desktop
  95. PAIPIX
  96. Parsix GNU/Linux​
  97. PelicanHPC GNU Linux
  98. PiBang Linux
  99. Point Linux​
  100. PrimTux: It's a french GNU/Linux distribution based on Linux Mint 21.3 (version 8), originally only based on Debian until version 4, then based on Debian 9 and Ubuntu 20.04 (version 5 to 7).
  101. Privatix Live-System
  102. Progeny Debian (Progeny Linux Systems)
  103. RAYS
  104. Rebellin Linux
  105. Resulinux
  106. Rxart Desktop
  107. Santa Fe Linux
  108. SalentOS
  109. SalineOS
  110. Satux
  111. Secure-K OS
  112. Semplice Linux
  113. SmartPeer
  114. SOLES
  115. SolusOS
  116. SprezzOS
  117. Stable Diffusion Linux: Is a discotninued lightweight and user-friendly GNU/Linux distribution based on Debian. It aims to provide a stable and secure environment for both beginners and advanced users. One of the standout features of Stable Diffusion Linux is its simplicity and ease of use, making it a great choice for those who are new to the GNU/Linux world.
  118. SteamOS, (until version 2.0. Version 3.0 is based on Arch Linux)
  119. Storm Linux
  120. SteamOS
  121. Subgraph OS
  122. SymphonyOS, (ex Symphony OS), (until the 2006 version, then based on Ubuntu).
  123. Swecha LiveCD
  124. Tanglu
  125. Tango Studio
  126. Taprobane GNU/Linux
  127. Thisk Server
  128. Tilix Linux
  129. ToriOS
  130. Trinux
  131. Trisquel GNU/Linux, (until before version 2.0, based on Debian, then based on Ubuntu).
  132. Troppix
  133. TrX Live Firewall
  134. Ulteo Open Virtual Desktop, based on Debian and Ubuntu.
  135. UserLinux
  136. Vyatta
  137. Webconverger
  138. Wienux
  139. Xandros Desktop OS
  140. X-Evian, based on Debian & Xubuntu.
  141. Xfdl
  142. ZoneCD


CrunchBang Linux

CrunchBang Linux (abbreviated #!) was a GNU/Linux distribution initially based on Ubuntu 8.10 to 9.04, and finally based on Debian 6.0, specifically in the Debian Live Project, developed by Philip Newborough (corenominal).

CrunchBang was designed to use comparatively few system resources.

Instead of a desktop environment it used a customized implementation of the Openbox window manager. Many of its preinstalled applications used the GTK+ widget toolkit.

CrunchBang had its own software repository but drew the vast majority of packages from Debian's repositories.

Editions

CrunchBang Linux provided an Openbox version for i686, i486 and amd64 architectures.

Until October 2010 there also was a "Lite" version with fewer installed applications. The "Lite" version was effectively discontinued after the distribution on which it was based – Ubuntu 9.04 – reached its end-of-life and CrunchBang prepared to switch to a different base system.

CrunchBang 10, made available in February 2011, was the first version based on Debian. The final version, CrunchBang 11, was made available on 6 May 2013.

Successors

Philip Newborough, main developer and creator od CrunchBank, announced on 06/02/2015 that he was abandoning further development of CrunchBang Linux, feeling that it no longer served a purpose.

  • Many users disagreed, and a number of them proceeded to develop successor distributions: BunsenLabs, Crunchbangplusplus (#!++) and CrunchBang-Monara.
CrunchBank Linux Releases Distributions
Version Release Date Based on
8.04.02[80] 23/11/2008 Ubuntu 8.04
8.10.01 27/11/2008 Ubuntu 8.10
8.10.02 18/01/2009 Ubuntu 8.10
9.04.01 08/07/2009 Ubuntu 9.04
10, Statler 02/2011 Debian GNU/Linux 6
11, Waldorf 06/05/2013 Debian GNU/Linux 7
Active CrunchBang based distributions
  1. BunsenLabs
  2. Crunchbangplusplus (#!++)
Discontinued CrunchBang based distributions
  1. CrunchBang-Monara, based on Debian 8.5. Releases: Monara-x86_64.iso, 15/06/2015 and Monara-2-32.iso, 03/07/2016. Monaraa light and fast Live installable distribution with Openbox with Monara tweaks. Monara, alongside to Crunchbang++, continues ideas and works started by Philip Newborough in the dropped CrunchBang Linux distribution. Monara works in Live mode, with the possibility of installing it on your computer’s hard drive.


gnuLinEx

gnuLinEx is discontinued GNU/Linux distribution based on Debian GNU/Linux with GNOME as desktop environment. It was promoted by the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Innovation of the autonomous community of Extremadura (Spain), and was pioneered and supported by other public and private organizations in the rest of Spain.

It was promoted by the Ministry of Economy, Commerce and Innovation of the autonomous community of Extremadura (Spain), being pioneer and supported by other public and private organizations in the rest of Spain. For a considerable period of time, the Extremadura community also offered support to the Andalusian community (which was inspired by gnuLinEx to develop Guadalinex) in the implementation of open solutions in schools, administration, etc.

  • First version released on 05/21/2002.
  • Latest version LinEx 2013, released on 11/02/2013.
History

In April 2002, the Extremadura government, Spain, decided to give up Microsoft Windows in schools and administrations, and invested 300,000 euros in gnuLinEx, saving 20 million euros by installing gnuLinEx in schools.

Subsequently, in April 2003, the Andalusian government, Spain, pledged to promote open-source software in its administrations and to collaborate with gnuLinEx, developing Guadalinex.

gnuLinEx - Discontinued derivatives
  1. Lihuen GNU/Linux: Lihuen GNU/Linux was a GNU/Linux distribution based on Debian, developed in Argentina, by the Facultad de Informática de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata. In addition to the standard installation DVD of the distribution for 32 and 64 bit architectures, there are two versions in Live CD installable with the LXDE desktop. Lihuen is oriented to educational desktops and runs on the computers of the Conectar Igualdad project and similar. Previous versions of Lihuen before 2.x were based on gnuLinEx.


gNewSense

gNewSense is a discontinued GNU/Linux distribution, active from 2006 to 2016. It was based on Debian (orinially based on Ubuntu, and developed with sponsorship from the Free Software Foundation.

Its goal was user-friendliness, but with all proprietary (e.g. binary blobs) and non-free software removed.

The Free Software Foundation considered gNewSense to be composed entirely of free software.

gNewSense took a relatively strict stance against proprietary software. For example, any documentation that gave instructions on installing proprietary software was excluded.

gNewSense's last release was made in 2016 and it has not had a supported version since 2018.

History

The project was launched by Brian Brazil and Paul O'Malley in 2006. gNewSense was originally based on Ubuntu. With the 1.0 release, the Free Software Foundation provided assistance to gNewSense.

With no releases in two years, on 8 August 2011, DistroWatch classified gNewSense as "dormant". By September 2012 DistroWatch had changed the status to "active" again, and on 6 August 2013, the first version directly based on Debian, gNewSense 3 "Parkes", was released.

There have been several indications that it may be restarted, including a website announcement in 2019, but the project has remained inactive, with no releases since 2016. DistroWatch returned it to "dormant" status again in 2019 and "discontinued" by 2022.

As of 13 April 2021, the home page of the project's website displayed a blank page with a meme labelling the Free Software Foundation a cult. After a short time, the website then redirected to the home page of the PureOS website.

However, as of June 2021, it now redirects to the FSF's list of Free/Libre distros.

gNewSense Releases History
Version
Code name 		Release date Based on
1.0
DeltaD 		02/11/2006 Ubuntu 6.06 LTS
2.0
DeltaH 		30/04/2008 Ubuntu 8.04 LTS
3.0
Parkes 		06/08/2013 Debian 6.0
4.0
Ucclia 		02/05/2016 Debian 7.0


MEPIS

MEPIS is discontinued GNU/Linux distribution, most recently based on Debian GNU/Linux, developed by Arren Woodford and MEPIS LLC.

  • simplyMEPIS was the stable version, and most popular verson, while proMEPIS was the development version of MEPIS.
  • The first version, released on 10/05/2003, was based on KNOPPIX 3.1.
  • The next releases were based on Debian stable 3.0r5, until version 6.0 (22/07/2006) and 6.5 (04/04/2007) which were based on Ubuntu 6.06 and 6.10 respectively.
  • SimplyMEPIS 7.0 turned to Debian again; Debian 4.0r1 version.
  • In 2013 (version M12 11.9.92 (12.0 Beta 2); 10/08/2013), it was no longer updated, and the work was merged with that of the antiX developers, resulting in a new distribution, called MX Linux.
Name

According to Warren Woodford, the name MEPIS is pronounced like "Memphis", with the extra letters removed. Originally, the word "MEPIS" didn't mean anything in particular; it came about by mistake.

When Woodford misunderstood a friend over the telephone, he decided to use the name because it was a simple five-letter word and there were no other companies or products with that name.

MEPIS Releases History
Version Release date Based on
2003.05 10/05/2003 KNOPPIX 3.1 & Debian 3.0r1
2003.08 06/09/2003 KNOPPIX 3.1 & Debian 3.0r1
2003.08.01 24/09/2003 KNOPPIX 3.2 & Debian 3.0.r1
2003.10 26/11/2003 KNOPPIX 3.3 & Debian 3.0r2
2003.10.01 05/12/2003 KNOPPIX 3.3 & Debian 3.0r2
simplyMEPIS
Release Release date Based on
2004 07/09/2004 Debian 3.0r3
2004.02 20/09/2004 Debian 3.0r3
2004.04 26/10/2004 Debian 3.0r3
2004.06 15/12/2004 Debian 3.0r3
3.3 26/02/2005 Debian 3.0r4
3.3.1 12/05/2005 Debian 3.0r5
3.3.1-1 12/06/2005 Debian 3.0r6
3.3.2-1 RC1 04/12/2005 Debian 3.0r6
3.4-2 RC1 15/12/2005 Debian 3.0r5
3.4-3 09/02/2006 Debian 3.1r1
6.0 22/07/2006 Ubuntu 6.06
6.5 04/04/2007 Ubuntu 6.10
7.0 23/12/2007 Debian 4.0r1
8.0 23/02/2009 Debian 5.0
8.5 30/03/2010 Debian 5.0.4
11.0 05/05/2011 Debian 6.0.1
11.0.125 04/02/2012 Debian 6.0.4
M12 11.9.92 (12.0 Beta 2) 10/08/2013 Debian 7.1
Active MEPIS-based distributions
  1. antiX: A fast and lightweight GNU/Linux distribution, was originally based on MEPIS for x86 systems in an environment suitable for old computers. It's now based on Debian Stable.
  2. MX Linux: A midweight distribution developed in collaboration between antiX and former MEPIS communities which is based on Debian Stable


References

  1. ↑ / Debian / - About Debian - www.debian.org
  2. ↑ / Debian GNU/Linux / - DebianIntroduction (Wiki)
  3. ↑ / Debian GNU/Linux / - What is Debian GNU/Linux? (Wiki)
  4. ↑ / Debian GNU/kFreeBSD / - Future of GNU/kFreeBSD in the debian-ports archive
  5. ↑ / Debian GNU/NetBSD / - Debian GNU/NetBSD (in spanish)
  6. ↑ / Debian GNU/Hurd / - Debian GNU/Hurd (Wiki)
  7. ↑ / Debian GNU/Hurd / - Debian GNU/Hurd (Ports)
  8. ↑ Release dates Debian Linux - 0.01 (pre-ALPHA)
  9. ↑ / Debian / - A Brief History of Debian; Chapter 3 Debian Releases; Page 3 - Debian 0.01 (pre-ALPHA)
  10. ↑ / Debian / - Release dates Debian Linux - 0.9 BETA (public BETA)
  11. ↑ Release dates Debian Linux - 0.01 (pre-ALPHA)
  12. ↑ / Debian / - A Brief History of Debian; Chapter 3 Debian Releases; Page 3 - Debian 1.1 Buzz
  13. ↑ / Debian / - Debian 1.0 was never released
  14. ↑ Debian - 0.01 (pre-ALPHA) - www.ibiblio.org
  15. ↑ Debian 0.01 (pre-ALPHA): A Brief History of Debian; Chapter 3 Debian Releases; Page 3 - www.debian.org/
  16. ↑ Debian - 0.02 (ALPHA) - www.ibiblio.org
  17. ↑ Debian 0.02 (ALPHA): A Brief History of Debian; Chapter 3 Debian Releases; Page 3 - www.debian.org/
  18. ↑ Debian - 0.03 (ALPHA) - www.ibiblio.org
  19. ↑ Debian 0.03 (ALPHA): A Brief History of Debian; Chapter 3 Debian Releases; Page 3 - www.debian.org/
  20. ↑ Debian - 0.04 (ALPHA) - www.ibiblio.org
  21. ↑ Debian 0.04 (ALPHA): A Brief History of Debian; Chapter 3 Debian Releases; Page 3 - www.debian.org/
  22. ↑ Debian - 0.80 (limited-BETA) - www.ibiblio.org
  23. ↑ Debian 0.80 (limited-BETA): A Brief History of Debian; Chapter 3 Debian Releases; Page 3 - www.debian.org
  24. ↑ Debian - 0.81 (limited-BETA) - www.ibiblio.org
  25. ↑ Debian 0.81 (limited-BETA): A Brief History of Debian; Chapter 3 Debian Releases; Page 3 - www.debian.org
  26. ↑ Debian - 0.90 (public-BETA) - www.ibiblio.org
  27. ↑ Debian 0.90 (public-BETA): A Brief History of Debian; Chapter 3 Debian Releases; Page 3 - www.debian.org
  28. ↑ Debian - 0.91 (public-BETA) - www.ibiblio.org
  29. ↑ Debian 0.91 (public-BETA): A Brief History of Debian; Chapter 3 Debian Releases; Page 3 - www.debian.org
  30. ↑ Debian 0.93 Release 5: A Brief History of Debian; Chapter 3 Debian Releases; Page 3 - www.debian.org
  31. ↑ Debian 0.93 Release 6: A Brief History of Debian; Chapter 3 Debian Releases; Page 3
  32. ↑ Debian 0.93 Release 6 - www.debian.org
  33. ↑ Debian 1.0: A Brief History of Debian; Chapter 3 Debian Releases; Page 3
  34. ↑ Debian 1.0: Wrong version of Debian on InfoMagic CD - lists.debian.org/
  35. ↑ Debian 1.1: A Brief History of Debian; Chapter 3 Debian Releases; Page 3
  36. ↑ Debian 1.1 - lists.debian.org
  37. ↑ Debian 1.2: A Brief History of Debian; Chapter 3 Debian Releases; Page 3
  38. ↑ Debian 1.2 - lists.debian.org
  39. ↑ Debian 1.3: A Brief History of Debian; Chapter 3 Debian Releases; Page 3
  40. ↑ Debian 1.3 - lists.debian.org
  41. ↑ Debian 2.0: A Brief History of Debian; Chapter 3 Debian Releases; Page 3
  42. ↑ Debian 2.0 - lists.debian.org
  43. ↑ Debian 2.1: A Brief History of Debian; Chapter 3 Debian Releases; Page 3
  44. ↑ Debian 2.1 - www.debian.org
  45. ↑ Debian 2.2: A Brief History of Debian; Chapter 3 Debian Releases; Page 3
  46. ↑ Debian 2.2 - www.debian.org
  47. ↑ Debian 3.0: A Brief History of Debian; Chapter 3 Debian Releases; Page 3
  48. ↑ Debian 3.0 - www.debian.org
  49. ↑ Debian 3.1: A Brief History of Debian; Chapter 3 Debian Releases; Page 3
  50. ↑ Debian 3.1 - www.debian.org
  51. ↑ Debian 4.0: A Brief History of Debian; Chapter 3 Debian Releases; Page 3
  52. ↑ Debian 4.0 - www.debian.org
  53. ↑ Debian 5.0: A Brief History of Debian; Chapter 3 Debian Releases; Page 3
  54. ↑ Debian 5.0 - www.debian.org
  55. ↑ Debian 6.0: A Brief History of Debian; Chapter 3 Debian Releases; Page 3
  56. ↑ Debian 6.0 - www.debian.org
  57. ↑ Debian 7: A Brief History of Debian; Chapter 3 Debian Releases; Page 3
  58. ↑ Debian 7.0 - www.debian.org
  59. ↑ Debian 8: A Brief History of Debian; Chapter 3 Debian Releases; Page 3
  60. ↑ Debian 8.0 - www.debian.org
  61. ↑ Debian 9: A Brief History of Debian; Chapter 3 Debian Releases; Page 3
  62. ↑ Debian 9.0 - www.debian.org
  63. ↑ Debian 10.0 - www.debian.org
  64. ↑ Debian 11.0 - www.debian.org
  65. ↑ Debian 12.0 - www.debian.org
  66. ↑ Debian 13 (Trixie) - list.debian.org
  67. ↑ Debian 14 (Forky) - list.debian.org
  68. ↑ Debian Releases (Stable - Testing - Unstable) - www.debian.org
  69. ↑ / Debian GNU/Linux / - Software Packages in "sid", Subsection kernel
  70. ↑ / Mauna Linux / - Mauna Linux (Twitter/X)
  71. ↑ / Rescatux / - Website
  72. ↑ / SpiralLinux / - Website
  73. ↑ / Zephix / - Zephix website
  74. ↑ / antiX / - About
  75. ↑ AHS: Advance Hardware Support
  76. ↑ AHS: Advance Hardware Support
  77. ↑ AHS: Advance Hardware Support
  78. ↑ AHS: Advance Hardware Support
  79. ↑ AHS: Advance Hardware Support
  80. ↑ / CrunchBang Linux / - CrunchBang Linux 8.04.02 Download Locations
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